Does my car have power steering?
Power steering is a standard feature on most modern cars; in practice, your vehicle almost certainly has power steering, but you can confirm by looking for the hydraulic pump and fluid reservoir or an electric steering motor.
In this article, we explain how power steering works, the two main types (hydraulic and electric), how to identify them in your car, and what to do if you notice issues.
Understanding power steering and its two main types
Power steering reduces the effort needed to turn the steering wheel. It comes in two dominant implementations: hydraulic power steering (HPS), which uses a belt-driven pump and fluid pressure, and electric power steering (EPS), which uses an electric motor and sensors. Many newer vehicles also employ variable assist that adapts to speed and driving conditions.
Hydraulic power steering (HPS)
In a hydraulic system, a pump driven by the engine circulates steering fluid to a hydraulic cylinder or rack. A reservoir stores the fluid, and hoses carry the fluid to the steering gear. If the pump or fluid fails, steering can become very heavy, especially at low speeds.
Electric power steering (EPS)
In an EPS system, an electric motor provides steering assist, usually at the steering column or at the rack. There is no fluid to leak, and the system often communicates with the vehicle's computer to adjust assist levels. EPS can feel lighter or variable with speed and driving conditions.
How to tell if your car has power steering
Use these checks to determine which type of steering your car uses. The list covers both obvious and subtle clues you can verify without specialized tools.
- Inspect the engine bay for a power steering pump and fluid reservoir (hydraulic) with hoses running to the steering gear.
- Look for a belt-driven pump and accompanying plumbing, typically connected to the serpentine belt; if you see hoses and a reservoir, it’s likely hydraulic.
- Look around the steering column or steering rack for a small electric motor or controller labeled EPS/EPAS; absence of hoses plus the presence of an electric motor suggests EPS.
- Check the owner’s manual or the vehicle specification sheet (sometimes in the glove box or online via the VIN) for "Power Steering" or "EPAS" in the list of features.
- Observe the steering feel: hydraulic systems can feel heavier if the pump is failing; EPS often provides precise, variable assistance and may feel lighter at higher speeds or during parking maneuvers. If you notice unusual stiffness, noise, or inconsistent assist, have it checked.
Concluding: If you can confirm either a hydraulic reservoir and pump or an EPS motor, you’ll know your car uses power-assisted steering. If you’re unsure after these checks, consult the dealer or look up the exact VIN-based specs.
What to do if you suspect a problem with power steering
Power steering problems can compromise safety. Use this quick guide to respond carefully and promptly.
- If the wheel becomes unusually hard to turn, especially at low speeds, pull over safely and check for a leak around the pump and hoses (hydraulic) or refer to the warning lights (EPS).
- For hydraulic systems, check the power steering fluid level and top up with the manufacturer-recommended fluid if the level is low, then look for leaks.
- If you see an EPS warning light or the steering feels inconsistent, irregular, or provides little assistance, schedule service with a qualified mechanic or your dealer.
- Do not ignore strange noises or stiffness during turns; continuing to drive can damage the steering system or other components.
Concluding: Early diagnosis can prevent more expensive repairs and keep steering safe. Always refer to the owner's manual for model-specific guidance.
Summary
Most modern cars use power steering, typically in one of two ways: hydraulically, with a pump and fluid reservoir, or electrically, with a motor and electronic controls. If you’re unsure which system your car uses, inspect the engine bay for a hydraulic pump and reservoir or look for an EPS motor near the steering column or rack, and check the owner’s manual or VIN-based specifications. Understanding the system helps with maintenance and recognizing issues before they become safety concerns.
