Is 5W-20 oil synthetic or not?
5W-20 is a viscosity grade, and oils marketed as 5W-20 can be conventional, synthetic, or synthetic blends. The designation describes how the oil behaves in cold starts and at operating temperature, not necessarily how it’s made.
In practice, you’ll encounter three common 5W-20 formulations on store shelves: full synthetic, synthetic blend, and conventional. The right choice depends on your vehicle’s manufacturer specifications, climate, and driving habits. Always read the product label and your owner's manual to confirm compatibility.
Understanding the 5W-20 formulations
Before listing the options, it helps to know how the volume you buy can differ in composition while carrying the same viscosity rating.
- Full synthetic 5W-20: Engineered from chemically synthesized base stocks with advanced additives for maximum protection and performance. Typically offers the best protection in extreme temperatures and under demanding service, but at a higher price.
- Synthetic blend 5W-20: A mixture of synthetic and conventional base stocks. Balances better protection and performance than conventional oil with a lower cost than full synthetic.
- Conventional 5W-20: Mineral-based oil with additives. Often the most affordable option but may require more frequent changes and provides less protection in extreme conditions compared to synthetic options.
The bottom line is that the 5W-20 label refers to viscosity, while the label "Full Synthetic," "Synthetic Blend," or "Conventional" communicates the manufacturing base and performance characteristics. Manufacturers may require a specific type to meet warranty or performance standards, so checking the manual is essential.
Choosing the right 5W-20 for your engine
To determine the correct option for your car, follow these steps:
- Consult your owner's manual for the exact viscosity grade and specification (for example, 5W-20 meeting API SN or newer and ILSAC GF-6) and any manufacturer-specific requirements.
- Check the oil bottle or label for the designation: "Full Synthetic," "Synthetic Blend," or "Conventional."
- Verify that the oil meets the applicable standards and OEM specs (some engines require OEM-specific oil ratings or approvals beyond generic API/ILSAC guidelines).
- Consider climate and driving: severe cold, heavy towing, or high-mileage engines may benefit from synthetic or synthetic-blend 5W-20.
In practice, many modern engines are designed to run on synthetic or synthetic-blend 5W-20 to maximize efficiency and protection. If in doubt, prioritize the manufacturer’s recommendation and the exact specification printed on the oil bottle.
Summary
5W-20 is a viscosity grade, not a guarantee of a synthetic formulation. Oils sold in this grade come in three common forms: full synthetic, synthetic blend, and conventional. Always verify the labeling and the vehicle’s requirements—the right grade and formulation depend on the manufacturer’s specifications, climate, and driving conditions. When used correctly, 5W-20 oils can deliver efficient cold-start performance and adequate high-temperature protection, whether synthetic, synthetic blend, or conventional.
Is it bad to put 5W20 instead of 5W30?
It is not ideal to use 5W-20 instead of 5W-30, as the engine is designed for a thicker oil at operating temperature, which can lead to reduced engine protection, lower fuel economy, and potential issues with variable valve timing systems. While a one-off use might not cause immediate catastrophic damage, especially for a short duration, it is best to change to the recommended 5W-30 oil as soon as possible to prevent potential long-term problems.
Potential impacts of using 5W-20 instead of 5W-30
- Reduced protection: 5W-30 oil is thicker at high temperatures, providing better lubrication and protection, especially under heavy loads or in hot weather. The thinner 5W-20 may not provide adequate protection in these conditions.
- Lower fuel economy: Using a thinner oil can lead to slightly lower fuel economy, as the engine may have to work harder to maintain oil pressure, although this effect is usually minimal.
- Variable valve timing (VVT) issues: Modern engines with VVT systems can be affected by oil viscosity. Thinner oil can cause the system to not function as intended, potentially leading to performance issues.
- Potential for engine wear: While mixing oils is not an immediate disaster, consistently using the wrong viscosity oil can lead to increased engine wear over time.
What to do
- Change the oil: The best solution is to drain the 5W-20 and refill with the manufacturer-recommended 5W-30 oil as soon as you can. This ensures the engine is properly protected and running as designed.
- Monitor your engine: Keep an eye on your oil pressure light and listen for any unusual engine noises after switching back to the correct oil. This will help you determine if the wrong oil caused any immediate issues.
What vehicles use 5W20 oil?
Many modern vehicles from manufacturers like Ford, Chrysler, Mazda, Honda, and Scion use 5W-20 oil, especially for fuel-efficient, gasoline-powered cars, SUVs, and light trucks. It is also commonly used in newer models with tighter engine tolerances and in colder climates. However, always check your vehicle's owner's manual to confirm the correct oil viscosity for your specific model, as some newer vehicles are transitioning to 0W-20 oil for even greater fuel efficiency.
Examples of vehicles that may use 5W-20 oil
- Ford: Many models, often with the dexos®1 approval.
- Chrysler: Many vehicles.
- Honda/Acura: Many models.
- Mazda: Many models.
- Scion: Many models.
- General Motors (GM): Many models may use 5W-20.
- Other modern gasoline-powered vehicles: Includes passenger cars, SUVs, and light vans and trucks, particularly those designed for fuel efficiency.
Important considerations
- Check your owner's manual: This is the most critical step, as manufacturers specify the exact oil needed for their engines.
- Follow manufacturer recommendations: Using the wrong oil can affect engine performance and longevity. Some newer vehicles may even require 0W-20 for optimal performance.
- Consider your climate and driving conditions: 5W-20 is beneficial in colder climates due to its better flow at low temperatures. It is also often recommended for shorter drives.
- Know the numbers: The "5W" refers to the oil's viscosity in cold weather, while the "20" refers to its viscosity at operating temperature. A lower "20" means the oil is thinner when hot, which can improve fuel economy.
How do I know if I should use synthetic or conventional oil?
How Do I Know Whether My Car Needs Conventional or Synthetic? The easiest way to tell whether your vehicle requires conventional or synthetic oil is to check the car's owner's manual. There will be a page (either in the printed or online version) that describes the exact oil type recommended by the manufacturer.
Is 5W20 oil regular or synthetic?
Semi-Synthetic SAE 5w-20 engine oils represent lubricants that are made with a blend of synthetic base oil and mineral base oil and have a viscosity grade of SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) 5w-20.
