Is it better to charge level 1 or level 2?
For most electric-vehicle owners, Level 2 charging is the better option because it charges much faster than Level 1 and fits into typical daily routines. Level 1 can be sufficient only for plug-in hybrids with small batteries or in situations where a Level 2 installation isn’t feasible.
The choice between Level 1 and Level 2 charging hinges on how much you drive daily, your home electrical setup, and cost considerations. This article breaks down what each level offers, how long it takes, and what to consider when choosing a charging solution.
What Level 1 and Level 2 charging mean
Level 1 charging uses a standard 120-volt outlet and provides around 1.4–1.9 kilowatts of power, delivering roughly 3–5 miles of range per hour of charging. Level 2 charging uses 240 volts and commonly provides 3.3–9.6 kilowatts, depending on the vehicle and the charging equipment. With Level 2, a typical EV can gain roughly 20–40 miles of range per hour, again depending on the car. The actual speed is limited by the vehicle's onboard charger and the EVSE (electric vehicle supply equipment) you use.
Advantages and drawbacks of Level 1 charging
Level 1 offers simplicity and low upfront costs, but it's slow. Here are the main points to consider.
- Low upfront and installation costs: You can start charging with a standard 120V outlet without wiring changes.
- Simplicity and portability: No dedicated EVSE or professional installation required for basic use.
- Adequate for very small batteries or minimal daily miles: Helpful for plug-in hybrids or vehicles with limited range needs.
- No reliance on a dedicated charging circuit: Works anywhere a standard outlet is available.
In short, Level 1 is simple and affordable but limits how quickly you can replenish the battery, which can be inconvenient for drivers with larger batteries or longer daily commutes.
Advantages and drawbacks of Level 2 charging
Level 2 charging dramatically reduces recharging times and improves daily usability. Consider these points.
- Much faster charging at home: Typical setups deliver about 7.2–9.6 kW, with some installations reaching higher power.
- Better fit for most daily driving: Overnight charging can replenish a significant portion of a day’s needs.
- Greater public charging availability: Level 2 ports are common at workplaces, shopping centers, and curbside networks.
- Future-proofing and higher power options: Some vehicles and chargers support 11 kW–19 kW or more, enabling faster top-ups if your vehicle and electrical service permit.
However, Level 2 installation often requires a dedicated circuit, possible electrical upgrades, and installation costs, which can be offset by rebates and long-term savings on fuel and time.
What to consider before choosing
To decide between Level 1 and Level 2, weigh how you drive, your home’s electrical system, and installation costs. Consider the following:
- Vehicle compatibility: Check your car’s onboard charger capacity and maximum charging rate.
- Electrical service: Assess your home's service panel capacity and whether a new dedicated circuit is needed.
- Cost and rebates: Compare the price of a Level 2 charging setup and potential utility rebates or incentives.
- Daily range needs: If you drive long daily distances, Level 2 can prevent frequent slow charging sessions.
- Future needs: If you expect a vehicle with higher charging rate or a larger battery, Level 2 is more future-proof.
In practice, homeowners who can accommodate Level 2 usually find it worthwhile for the convenience and time savings, though Level 1 remains a valid option in constrained scenarios.
Practical considerations
Installation quality, safety, and ongoing operating costs matter. Ensure a licensed electrician assesses your panel capacity, wire gauge, and grounding. If you’re exploring incentives, check local utility programs, state rebates, and manufacturer offers that can offset installation costs.
Bottom line
For most EV owners, Level 2 charging is the preferred choice because it offers faster, more convenient charging that aligns with typical daily routines. Level 1 charging remains useful as a low-cost, backup option for low-mileage drivers, plug-in hybrids, or situations where a Level 2 installation isn’t practical.
Summary
Overall, Level 2 charging is the practical standard for everyday EV use, delivering faster replenishment, greater flexibility, and broad public availability. Level 1 serves niche needs—very small-battery vehicles, occasional use, or when no installation is feasible. The best choice depends on your driving habits, home electrical capacity, and willingness to invest in a dedicated charging installation.
