What are the 3 types of cabs?
Three categories define taxi options most travelers encounter: hackney taxis (street-hailable cabs), private hire vehicles (pre-booked rides), and ride-hailing services (app-based platforms). These distinctions affect how you hail, book, and pay for your ride.
In this article, we outline each type, explain how to access them, and highlight what to expect in terms of pickup, pricing, and regulations. While the exact terms can vary by city or country, the three-category framework remains a common starting point for understanding taxi markets worldwide.
Three categories of cabs
Here's a concise breakdown of the three cab types, including how they are booked and regulated in many major cities.
Hackney taxis (street-hailable cabs) — These are licensed to pick up passengers on the street or at designated ranks. They can often be hailed directly from the curb and typically display official medallions or badges. Payment methods may include cash or card, and meters determine the fare. Availability and rules for hailing can vary by city.
Private hire vehicles (PHVs) — These vehicles must be booked in advance through a licensed operator or platform. They are not allowed to pick up passengers on the street without a prior reservation in many jurisdictions. Pricing is usually quoted at booking and may include airport transfers or fixed-rate options.
Ride-hailing services (app-based platforms) — Examples include Uber, Lyft, and similar apps. These services connect riders with drivers who may operate as PHVs under local regulation. Fares are often estimated or dynamic, payments are typically made through the app, and pickups are arranged via the smartphone interface rather than curbside hails.
These three categories cover the core taxi options travelers encounter, though terminology and regulatory details differ by region. Always check your local transportation authority for current rules and licensing requirements.
Regional variations and regulatory notes
Regulations shape how each category operates in different places. In many countries, hackney taxis (street-hailable) are distinct from private hire vehicles (PHVs), which in turn are distinct from ride-hailing services that operate under Transportation Network Company (TNC) or equivalent licenses. In some cities, ride-hailing apps may be treated as PHVs; in others, they operate under separate frameworks. Always verify local rules before booking or boarding.
Summary
Across the globe, three core cab types shape how travelers move: hackney taxis, private hire vehicles, and ride-hailing services. The exact rules, pricing, and booking methods depend on local regulations and licensing, but understanding these categories helps you navigate curbside options more confidently.
