Which GTR has 4 wheel steering?
The Nissan GT-R is a high-performance sports car that has gained a reputation for its impressive handling and performance capabilities. One of the key features that sets the GT-R apart is its advanced 4-wheel steering system, which provides enhanced agility and stability at high speeds.
What is 4-Wheel Steering?
4-wheel steering, also known as all-wheel steering, is a technology that allows the rear wheels of a vehicle to turn in addition to the front wheels. This system is designed to improve the car's handling and stability, particularly at high speeds and during tight maneuvers.
In a traditional 2-wheel steering system, only the front wheels turn, which can limit the car's ability to change direction quickly and smoothly. With 4-wheel steering, the rear wheels can turn in the same direction as the front wheels (for improved high-speed stability) or in the opposite direction (for tighter turning circles and better low-speed maneuverability).
How the Nissan GT-R Uses 4-Wheel Steering
The Nissan GT-R's 4-wheel steering system, known as "ATTESA E-TS" (Advanced Total Traction Engineering System for All-Electronic Torque Split), is a key component of the car's advanced all-wheel-drive system. The system uses an electronic control unit to monitor various vehicle parameters, such as speed, steering angle, and lateral acceleration, and then adjusts the rear wheels' steering angle accordingly.
At low speeds, the rear wheels turn in the opposite direction of the front wheels, effectively reducing the GT-R's turning radius and making it more agile in tight maneuvers. At high speeds, the rear wheels turn in the same direction as the front wheels, providing enhanced stability and responsiveness during high-speed cornering and lane changes.
The combination of the GT-R's all-wheel-drive system and its 4-wheel steering technology allows the car to deliver exceptional handling and performance, making it a formidable competitor in the world of high-performance sports cars.
Benefits of 4-Wheel Steering in the Nissan GT-R
- Improved Agility: The 4-wheel steering system enhances the GT-R's ability to change direction quickly, particularly at low speeds, making it more maneuverable in tight spaces and during tight cornering.
- Enhanced Stability: At high speeds, the 4-wheel steering system helps to keep the GT-R stable and composed, providing the driver with a greater sense of control and confidence.
- Reduced Turning Radius: The 4-wheel steering system can effectively reduce the GT-R's turning radius, making it easier to navigate tight spaces and perform tight turns.
- Improved Cornering Ability: The 4-wheel steering system helps the GT-R to maintain better traction and stability during high-speed cornering, allowing the driver to carry more speed through turns.
Overall, the Nissan GT-R's 4-wheel steering system is a key component of the car's advanced technology, helping to deliver an exceptional driving experience that combines high-performance with exceptional handling and stability.
Why did the R32 get banned?
R32 is not banned, but it is being phased out in favor of even lower-GWP (Global Warming Potential) refrigerants because its moderate GWP still contributes to climate change. International agreements like the Kigali Amendment mandate a global reduction in HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) production, which affects refrigerants like R32. Therefore, new equipment is shifting away from R32 and other HFCs towards refrigerants with an even lower environmental impact.
Reasons for the phase-out
- Moderate GWP: While R32 has a significantly lower GWP than older refrigerants like R22, it still has a moderate GWP that contributes to climate change.
- Global climate regulations: International agreements, such as the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, aim to phase down HFCs worldwide to reduce their climate impact.
- Regulatory phase-downs: Governments are implementing regulations that set limits on GWP, forcing a transition to refrigerants with even lower environmental impact. For example, the US EPA's AIM Act phases down HFCs, and the EU is proposing similar measures that could ban R32 in new products starting in 2027.
- Focus on lower-impact alternatives: The current regulations are pushing the industry toward alternatives that offer the lowest possible environmental impact, which means moving beyond even R32 for future applications.
What this means for consumers
- New equipment will use lower-GWP alternatives: As R32 is phased out, new air conditioning systems will increasingly use refrigerants with an even lower GWP.
- Existing R32 systems: Systems that use R32 are not immediately affected, but they will eventually need to be replaced with newer models when they reach the end of their lifespan.
- Availability of R32: The production and import of equipment containing R32 will be phased out over time, and the refrigerant will become less available for servicing older units.
Did the R34 GTR have 4 wheel steering?
The Skyline GT-R became the flagship of Nissan performance, showing many advanced technologies including the ATTESA E-TS all-wheel drive system and the Super-HICAS four-wheel steering.
Does the Nissan GTR have 4 wheel steering?
Notably, the GT-R omitted the HICAS four-wheel-steering system, with engineers recognizing its incompatibility with the advanced all-wheel-drive setup, which would compromise the car's performance.
Does the R32 have 4 wheel steering?
Yes, the Nissan R32 Skyline GT-R has a 4-wheel steering system called Super HICAS (High Capacity Actively Controlled Steering). This is a hydraulic-mechanical system where the rear wheels steer slightly in the same direction as the front wheels at high speeds to improve stability, and in the opposite direction at low speeds for better maneuverability.
You can watch this video to learn more about how the rear wheels steer in the R32 Skyline GT-R: 51sRob DahmYouTube · May 4, 2017
- How it works: The system is powered by the power steering pump and is designed to be unobtrusive.
- Activation: At lower speeds, the rear wheels turn in the opposite direction of the front wheels, creating a tighter turning radius. At higher speeds, they turn in the same direction as the front wheels to assist with stability, particularly during lane changes.
- Standard on GT-R: The Super HICAS system was standard on all R32 GT-R models.
