Who supplies Toyota with hydrogen fuel cells?

Toyota primarily develops and manufactures its own hydrogen fuel cell stacks, with Denso serving as a key supplier for the stack and related systems. The company relies on in-house engineering for core components while partnering with trusted suppliers for specialized parts.

How Toyota builds its fuel-cell systems

Toyota’s hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, such as the Mirai, use proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells that convert hydrogen into electricity to power an electric drive. Toyota oversees the overall system design, integration, and testing, drawing on internal expertise and select external partners for specialized components.

Primary supplier for the fuel-cell stack

In Toyota's FCV program, Denso has been identified as a key partner supplying the fuel-cell stack and related modules. This close collaboration helps ensure performance targets, durability, and seamless integration with Toyota’s powertrain controls.

• Denso (fuel-cell stack and system integration)

The arrangement underscores Toyota's strategy to keep core energy-conversion technology largely in-house while relying on established suppliers for specialized parts and support.

Other components and material suppliers

Beyond the core stack, Toyota sources membranes, catalysts, power electronics, and other materials from a network of suppliers across the broader automotive supply chain. Toyota manages the overall system architecture and software integration to ensure compatibility with its vehicles.

What this means for Toyota's strategy and future FCVs

Maintaining control of the core fuel-cell technology allows Toyota to iterate rapidly, protect intellectual property, and align hydrogen fuel-cell development with its broader electrification and mobility ecosystem. As hydrogen infrastructure expands, Toyota aims to offer scalable FCVs like the Mirai family while exploring next-generation stack designs.

Summary

Toyota’s hydrogen fuel cells are largely developed in-house, with Denso as a major partner in supplying and integrating the fuel-cell stack. The company leverages additional specialized suppliers for materials and components while retaining leadership over the overall system design and software. This approach supports Toyota’s ongoing FCV strategy and future hydrogen initiatives.

How much does it cost to fill a Toyota Mirai with hydrogen?

The cost to refuel a Toyota Mirai is approximately $200, based on the current average price of about $36 per kilogram and the Mirai's 5.6 kg tank capacity. However, Toyota includes a $15,000 fuel card, which covers complimentary fuel for up to six years for new purchases and three years for leases. After the complimentary period, out-of-pocket refueling costs can be substantial and are subject to significant price fluctuations.
 
Cost breakdown

• Price per kilogram: Approximately $36/kg
• Tank capacity: 5.6 kg
• Cost per fill-up: Approximately $201.60 ($36 x 5.6 kg)
• Cost per mile: Around $0.50 per mile, based on the ~$200 refill and an estimated 400 miles of range. 

Complimentary fuel

• New purchase: The purchase of a new Mirai includes up to $15,000 or six years (whichever comes first) of complimentary hydrogen fuel. 
• Lease: The lease of a new Mirai includes up to $15,000 or three years (whichever comes first) of complimentary hydrogen fuel. 
• Note: The $15,000 credit is based on an estimated 30,000 miles of driving, even at high price points. 

Cost comparison to other vehicles

• EV: It is significantly cheaper to charge a comparable electric vehicle, with estimates suggesting it costs about 14 times less per mile than refueling a Mirai with hydrogen in California. 
• Gasoline: Even compared to a gasoline car, the cost of hydrogen refueling is much higher. For example, fueling a Toyota Corolla Hybrid costs about one-sixth the price per mile of a Mirai. 

Factors to consider

• The cost of hydrogen fuel can fluctuate significantly, and a shortage of stations and supply issues can impact availability and price. 
• The complimentary fuel card is a major benefit for new buyers, but the cost after the card is used can be a significant factor in the total cost of ownership. 

Who is Toyota partnering with for solid state batteries?

Toyota develops and makes its solid-state batteries through its own subsidiaries, like Prime Planet Energy & Solutions and Primeearth EV Energy, and partners with other companies like Idemitsu Kosan and Sumitomo Metal Mining for materials and mass production. Toyota is working on commercializing the technology, with mass production planned for 2027-2028, according to Electrek.
 
Toyota's solid-state battery production

• In-house production: Toyota makes its all-solid-state batteries through its own subsidiaries, Prime Planet Energy & Solutions (PPES) and Primeearth EV Energy (PEVE). Toyota has taken full control of PEVE, a former joint venture with Panasonic, to respond more flexibly to demand. 
• Partnerships: Toyota is collaborating with other companies for key components and technologies: 
  • Idemitsu Kosan: A partnership focused on developing mass production technology for solid electrolytes and related materials. 
  • Sumitomo Metal Mining: A collaboration on developing and mass-producing durable cathode materials suitable for solid-state batteries. 

Timeline and goals

• Toyota is aiming for the practical use of all-solid-state batteries in its EVs around 2027–2028. 
• The company is developing these batteries to improve performance, such as longer driving range, shorter charging times, and enhanced safety. 

Which hydrogen company does Toyota use?

FuelCell Energy
With FuelCell Energy, Toyota built the first-of-its-kind Tri-gen system at the Port. The system was designed to use directed renewable biogas and convert it to hydrogen, which is then used to produce 2.3 megawatts of electricity per day, part of which is used to power Toyota Logistic Services' port operations.

Who is the battery supplier for Toyota?

Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) has agreed with Panasonic Holdings Corporation (Panasonic HD) to make Primearth EV Energy Co., Ltd. (PEVE) a wholly owned subsidiary in order to strengthen its capabilities in mass-producing automotive batteries.