How was the Model T car powered?
The Model T was powered by a gasoline-fed internal combustion engine. It produced roughly 20 horsepower and drove the rear wheels through a simple two-speed planetary transmission.
Produced by Ford from 1908 to 1927, the Model T’s powertrain was designed for reliability, ease of maintenance, and mass production. Its straightforward engine, carbureted fuel system, and a compact, durable transmission helped make it affordable and repairable on the roadside—key factors in its historic adoption and ubiquity.
Engine and fueling
Key technical details of the Model T’s engine and fueling system include:
- Displacement: 2.9 liters (177 cubic inches)
- Configuration: inline-4, side-valve (L-head)
- Power output: about 20 horsepower
- Cooling system: water-cooled
- Fuel and induction: gasoline-fed engine with a carburetor
- Ignition: spark-ignition system, with options for magneto or battery supply; starting commonly via hand crank
These specifications reflect a design that emphasized simplicity and serviceability, allowing workshop repairs with readily available parts and tools of the era.
Transmission and drivetrain
Key features of the drivetrain and how power reached the wheels include:
- Transmission: two-speed planetary gearbox with reverse
- Drive configuration: rear-wheel drive via a torque-tube
- Final drive: differential integrated into the rear axle
- Starting method: hand crank at the front was standard; electric starters became available on later variants
The combination of a robust engine, a simple gearbox, and a durable rear-drive layout helped the Model T perform modestly on rough roads while remaining affordable to maintain and repair.
Summary
In essence, the Model T’s power came from a gasoline-powered inline-four engine with a side-valve design, delivering roughly 20 horsepower and driving the rear wheels through a two-speed planetary transmission. This straightforward, rugged setup underpinned Ford’s mass-production approach and the car’s enduring place in automotive history.
