What are the torque specs for an axle nut?
There isn’t a single universal torque value for axle nuts—the correct spec depends on the vehicle you’re working on. In practice, most passenger cars with CV axle hub nuts fall roughly in the 150–200 ft-lbs (200–270 Nm) range, while heavier cars, SUVs and trucks often require higher torque. Always consult the factory service manual for your exact model to get the correct number.
A detailed look at how the spec is determined, where to find it, and how to apply it safely follows.
Why axle nut torque matters
The axle nut clamps the wheel bearing and hub to the axle shaft. If it’s under-torqued, the nut can loosen, leading to wheel wobble or bearing failure. If it’s over-torqued, preload on the bearing and threads can cause damage. Torque specs vary with nut size, thread pitch, the hub design, and whether a cotter pin or locking mechanism is used. Use a calibrated torque wrench and follow any locking-device instructions.
Common ranges by vehicle category
Below are broad ranges that cover many common cars and trucks. They are not a substitute for the exact spec printed in your manual.
- Light- to mid-size passenger cars with CV axle hub nuts: approximately 150–200 ft-lbs (200–270 Nm).
- Most front-wheel-drive SUVs and larger cars: commonly 180–250 ft-lbs (240–340 Nm).
- Heavy-duty trucks and some performance applications: often 250–350 ft-lbs (340–475 Nm).
These ranges are general guidelines. The precise torque for your vehicle may lie outside this spectrum based on design and bearing preload requirements.
How to locate the exact axle nut torque for your vehicle
The exact spec should come from the manufacturer. Use these steps to pinpoint it accurately.
- Consult the factory service manual or official service portal for your exact model and year.
- Look up torque specs by VIN, model, or trim in official databases or service bulletins.
- Note any special installation steps (e.g., cotter pin, threadlocker, or a torque recheck after a short drive).
- Torque with the wheel installed and the vehicle in its normal stance as specified, using the correct torque wrench and socket.
Following the manufacturer's exact number ensures proper bearing preload and safe wheel retention. If you’re unsure, have a professional verify the torque.
Practical tips for accurate torque application
Use careful technique to avoid damage and ensure longevity.
- Use the correct socket and a calibrated torque wrench in the proper range.
- Clean threads and apply lubricant only if recommended by the manual.
- Check for any locking device requirements (cotter pins, locking caps) and reinstall as instructed.
- Retorque if the manual calls for it after a short drive or after wheel rotation as advised.
Proper torque reduces the risk of wheel separation and bearing wear, helping ensure safe driving and component life.
Summary
Axle nut torque is model-specific and essential for wheel bearing integrity. Always use the exact figure from the manufacturer and follow all installation instructions, including any locking devices or re-torque requirements. When in doubt, consult the vehicle’s service manual or a trusted technician.
Can you over tighten an axle nut?
If the drive axle nut is over-tightened, this will create excessive preload on the bearing and insufficient internal bearing clearances, which can also result in bearing noise complaints and excessive heat buildup in the bearing, premature wear, and failure of the hub bearing.
How much torque does a 3500 lb trailer axle wheel nut have?
For a 3500 lb trailer axle, do not use a specific torque value for the spindle nut (castle nut). Instead, tighten it to seat the bearings, then loosen it to the nearest slot on the nut where a cotter pin can be inserted. For the U-bolts, which attach the axle to the spring, the correct torque is 45-70 ft-lbs.
Spindle nut (castle nut)
- Do not over-tighten: The spindle nut is adjusted by feel, not by a torque specification, to avoid damaging the bearings.
- Tighten to seat bearings: Rotate the hub assembly while tightening the spindle nut to about 505050 ft-lbs to ensure the bearings are properly seated.
- Loosen and back off: Loosen the nut completely to remove all torque.
- Finger tighten: Tighten the nut by hand until it is snug.
- Align and secure: Back the nut off to the next available slot that aligns with the cotter pin hole and insert the cotter pin. Bend the ends of the pin to secure it.
This video demonstrates the process of adjusting trailer axle bearings: 37sBleepinJeepYouTube · Aug 20, 2018
U-bolts
- Use a torque wrench: For a 3500 lb axle with 1/2 inch U-bolts, use a torque wrench to tighten the U-bolt nuts to 45-70 ft-lbs.
- Tighten evenly: Tighten the nuts in a crisscross pattern to ensure the axle is clamped evenly to the spring.
What should my axle nut be torqued to?
On some wheel bearings sets and hub units, the axle nut secures the outer flange to a CV joint or stub axle. As the nut is tightened, it pulls the flange and axle together to set the preload of bearings. These axle nuts will have specifications as low as 130-foot pounds and as high as 300-foot pounds.
How many feet should a wheel nut be torqued at?
New wheels should be re-torqued after the first 50 to 100 driving miles.
| Hardware Bolt or Stud Size | Typical Torque Range in Ft/Lbs | Minimum Number of Turns of Hardware Engagement |
|---|---|---|
| 14 x 1.5 mm | 85 - 90 | 7.5 |
| 14 x 1.25 mm | 85 - 90 | 9 |
| 7/16 in. | 70 - 80 | 9 |
| 1/2 in. | 75 - 85 | 8 |
