What causes steering column to go bad?
Steering-column problems typically stem from mechanical wear, electrical faults inside the column (notably the clockspring and related wiring), and damage from accidents or harsh conditions. In short, wear, electrical faults, and impact-related damage are the main culprits behind a steering column going bad.
Common causes
These categories cover the main points experts use to diagnose steering-column trouble. Each section outlines typical failure points and the symptoms they tend to produce.
Mechanical wear and physical damage
Wear and physical stress on the column’s moving parts can produce steering looseness, stiffness, or noise.
- Worn or bent steering shaft and universal joints
- Worn bearings, bushings, or collapsible column components
- Deformed or damaged column from impact or accident
- Loose or damaged mounting brackets allowing excess play
These mechanical issues often manifest as excessive steering play, grinding or clunking noises, stiffness or binding when turning, or wheel vibration. Prompt inspection helps prevent further damage to the steering and suspension systems.
Electrical and electronics faults inside the column
Electrical faults within the steering column can disrupt steering-wheel controls, airbags, and other safety features.
- Clockspring failure affecting horn, airbags, or steering-wheel controls
- Worn or corroded connectors and wiring harnesses inside the column
- Faulty ignition switch or other column electrical issues that cut power to controls
Electrical faults can cause intermittent loss of power steering assist in some cars, warning lights, or nonfunctional steering-wheel controls. Because many safety features rely on the column wiring, these faults warrant timely diagnosis and repair.
Locking mechanisms and ignition issues
Problems with the locking mechanism or ignition components can prevent the steering wheel from turning or unlock properly.
- Steering-column lock failing to disengage
- Ignition lock cylinder wear preventing turning or causing wheel lock
- Key-in-ignition problems or trouble turning the key
When the column lock or ignition components fail, you may experience a hard-to-turn wheel, a wheel that won’t unlock, or a key that won’t turn. Avoid forcing the mechanism and seek professional service to prevent further damage.
Collision, impact, and environment
Physical shocks, corrosion, and harsh environments can degrade the column’s integrity and function.
- Deformation from a crash that bends the steering column
- Rust or corrosion from moisture exposure that weakens metal parts
- Damage from off-road use or heavy loads that stress the column and joints
Impact and environmental damage can cause misalignment, binding, or abnormal movement in the column. Severe cases typically require replacement of the column assembly and related components.
What signs you’re dealing with
Early detection of steering-column issues can prevent a sudden loss of steering and improve safety. The following signs are commonly reported by drivers and technicians.
Physical symptoms
Feel and sound cues from the wheel and surrounding components often point to issues in the column.
- Excessive play or looseness in the steering wheel
- Stiffness, binding, or a sticky feel when turning
- Unusual noises such as clunks, grinding, or squeaks when turning
- Vibration or shuddering transmitted through the wheel
These symptoms warrant a professional inspection of the column, steering linkage, and related components like the rack and power steering system.
Electrical and safety-related symptoms
Electrical faults can affect safety features and controls tied to the column.
- Horn, airbags, or steering-wheel controls stop functioning
- Warning lights for airbag or power steering on the dashboard
- Intermittent loss of power steering assist in vehicles with electric or hydraulic systems
Electrical issues in the steering column can impair safety systems. If warning lights appear or controls fail, schedule a diagnostic promptly.
Summary
Steering-column problems arise from a mix of mechanical wear, electrical faults inside the column (notably clockspring and connector issues), and damage from collisions or moisture. Regular maintenance, attention to unusual steering behavior, and professional diagnostics are essential to keep the steering column functioning safely. If you experience sudden stiffness, a locked wheel, or loss of steering assist, pull over safely and seek immediate roadside assistance.
