What frequency is TPMS activated?
Direct TPMS sensors typically transmit at fixed radio frequencies, most commonly 315 MHz in North America and 433.92 MHz in Europe; the exact frequency is set by regional regulations and the vehicle's sensor design.
TPMS frequency refers to the radio link between the wheel-mounted sensor and the vehicle's monitoring module. The frequency discussion applies to direct TPMS, where a sensor in each tire broadcasts data to the car’s TPMS receiver; indirect TPMS uses wheel-speed data from the ABS system and does not broadcast the tire’s pressure signal.
Regional frequency standards
Most direct TPMS sensors operate on one of two common radio frequencies depending on where the vehicle is sold. The list below captures typical assignments:
- North America (United States, Canada, Mexico): 315 MHz
- Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and many parts of Asia-Pacific: 433.92 MHz
In practice, some manufacturers offer dual-band or region-specific sensors. Always confirm the exact frequency from the vehicle’s service information or by using a vehicle-specific TPMS tool when replacing sensors.
Direct vs indirect TPMS
Direct TPMS uses wheel-mounted sensors that transmit pressure data via radio to the car’s TPMS receiver. Indirect TPMS does not use wheel-mounted transmitters; instead, it estimates pressure by analyzing wheel-speed sensor data from the ABS system. The frequency discussion here pertains to direct TPMS only.
Activation timing and signal characteristics
When present, the sensors activate and transmit data at intervals or on demand as the vehicle moves or when pressure changes are detected. The vehicle's TPMS control module wakes the sensor, decodes the data, and displays the result to the driver. The transmission interval and wake-up behavior are set by the OEM and sensor technology; they are not user-adjustable and are designed to minimize battery drain while ensuring timely alerts.
Practical considerations for maintenance and replacement
If you are replacing TPMS sensors or diagnosing a TPMS issue, you must match the sensor frequency to the vehicle's specifications. Using the wrong frequency will prevent the system from recognizing the wheel pressure data. Consult the owner's manual, service information, or a qualified technician to select the correct sensors for your region and vehicle model.
Summary
TPMS activation frequency is region-dependent, with 315 MHz being standard in North America and 433.92 MHz standard in Europe and many other regions. The system's radio frequency applies to direct TPMS sensors, while indirect TPMS uses no tire-pressure radio signal. When replacing sensors, verify compatibility with the vehicle’s TPMS module to ensure proper operation.
