What is the code P0016 on a Ford Cmax?

The P0016 code on a Ford C-Max indicates a camshaft position correlation problem with Bank 1, meaning the engine’s cam timing is out of sync with the crankshaft as the computer expects. This can lead to poor performance, misfires, or even a no-start condition.

Understanding the P0016 Code and Its Impact on the C-Max

In a four-cylinder Ford C-Max, Bank 1 is the single cylinder bank. P0016 translates to Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1) and points to an issue with cam/crank timing correlation. The root cause is usually mechanical timing (timing chain/belt, tensioner, or VVT mechanism) or an electrical fault in the camshaft position sensor circuit or its wiring. Because cam timing governs when intake and exhaust valves open, a mis-timed engine can run rough, lose power, stall, or fail to start.

Common Symptoms

If your C-Max is displaying P0016, you may notice a combination of one or more of these symptoms:

• Illuminated Check Engine Light or reliability warning


• Rough idle or engine misfires


• Reduced power or poor acceleration


• Difficulty starting or stalling after startup


• Maybe a noticeable engine noise from timing components

If you observe these symptoms, a diagnostic check is recommended to prevent potential engine damage.

Causes and How It Happens

There are several common causes for P0016 on a Ford C-Max. The list below explains the typical culprits in plain terms.

• Faulty camshaft position sensor (CMP) or crankshaft position sensor (CKP) wiring or connectors


• Timing chain/belt stretched, jumped a tooth, or worn tensioner/ guides


• Malfunctioning variable cam timing (VVT) solenoid or actuator


• Low or dirty engine oil affecting timing components or sensor operation


• Engine control module (PCM/ECU) software needs update or relearn

These causes can occur individually or in combination. A thorough diagnostic is needed to confirm the exact fault.

Diagnosis: How to Confirm the Fault

Before attempting any repair, a structured diagnostic approach helps confirm whether the issue is sensor-based, timing-related, or something else.

1. Use an advanced OBD-II scanner to confirm P0016 and review freeze-frame data for crank and cam sensor readings.


2. Inspect the timing chain/belt, tensioners, and guides for wear, slack, or misalignment. Look for signs of timing being off.


3. Test CMP and CKP sensor circuits with a multimeter and inspect their connectors for corrosion or damage; verify proper resistance and good grounding.


4. Check engine oil level, condition, and pressure; low oil or contaminated oil can affect timing components and VVT operation.


5. If applicable, test the VVT solenoid/actuator for proper operation and listen for abnormal sounds from the timing area.


6. Consider a PCM relearn or software update if sensor data and timing appear correct but the code persists.

After these steps, you’ll have a clearer idea of whether the fix is mechanical timing work, sensor replacement, or software updates.

Repairs and Rough Cost Ranges

Repair costs vary by engine specifics, location, and whether you hire a shop or do it yourself. The following ranges give a rough idea of typical expenses in the United States.

• Camshaft position sensor or crankshaft position sensor replacement: often $150–$350 in parts and labor combined.


• Sensor wiring repair or connector replacement: typically $100–$250 depending on damage.


• Timing chain/belt replacement with tensioners and guides: usually $800–$2,000, depending on engine and labor rates.


• VVT solenoid/actuator replacement: generally $200–$500 total.

Note that if the timing components have been compromised (for example, a chain that jumped a tooth), the repair may be more extensive and costly. Always obtain a written estimate after a diagnostic to confirm the required work.

When to Seek Professional Help

Because P0016 can involve critical engine timing, driving a car with an unresolved cam/crank timing mismatch can cause severe engine damage. If the Check Engine Light is on with P0016, if you notice loss of power, misfires, rough idle, or difficulty starting, arrange a tow or safe transport to an independent technician or Ford dealership for a precise diagnosis and repair plan.

Maintenance Tips to Prevent a Recurrence

Regular maintenance can help reduce the likelihood of timing-related codes. Consider these preventive steps:

• Keep oil level and quality up to manufacturer specifications; change oil and filter on schedule.


• Use the correct oil grade and avoid contamination from dirt or fuel dilution.


• Address oil leaks promptly to maintain proper lubrication of timing components.


• Follow service intervals for timing chain-related components as recommended by Ford for your C-Max engine.

Proactive maintenance helps ensure timing components remain in good condition and can prevent related codes from triggering.

Summary

P0016 on a Ford C-Max signals a camshaft timing correlation problem (Bank 1) that is usually tied to timing hardware or sensor circuitry. Diagnosis typically involves checking sensors and wiring, inspecting timing components, and verifying oil condition, followed by targeted repairs such as sensor replacement, timing chain work, or VVT solenoid service. If you experience symptoms or see the code, have the vehicle evaluated promptly to avoid potential engine damage and higher repair costs.

Bottom Line

For a Ford C-Max, treat P0016 as a timing reliability issue with potential electrical faults. Start with code verification, then progress through sensor checks, timing inspection, and appropriate repairs. A timely diagnosis can save you from more extensive engine damage and expensive fixes.

How do you fix the engine code P0016?

To fix a P0016 code, start with the simplest solutions like checking the engine oil level and quality, and clearing the code to see if it returns. If the code reappears, inspect the timing belt or chain for proper alignment and tension. If that's not the issue, investigate the crankshaft and camshaft position sensors, the variable valve timing (VVT) solenoid, and the wiring and tone rings for damage or misalignment. 
1. Initial checks
This video demonstrates how to start the diagnostic process for a P0016 code: 54snondaYouTube · Dec 23, 2020

• Check engine oil: Ensure the oil is at the correct level and not dirty. Low or dirty oil can cause timing-related issues. 
• Clear the code: Use an OBD2 scanner to clear the P0016 code. If the code reappears after a drive, the issue is persistent. 
• Scan for other codes: Check for any other diagnostic trouble codes that could provide more specific information about a related sensor or system. 

2. Inspect timing components 
This video shows how to inspect the timing components for the engine: 1mHVAC Mechanic YouTube · Aug 9, 2023

• Timing belt or chain: Inspect the timing belt or chain for signs of wear, stretching, or if it has jumped a tooth. Ensure the timing marks on the camshaft and crankshaft are aligned correctly. 
• Timing components: Check the timing chain tensioner, guides, and sprockets for damage or wear. 

3. Diagnose sensors and solenoids 
This video explains how to diagnose and test the VVT solenoid for the engine: 55sAutomotive Diagnosis: Cars Repair &Training GuidesYouTube · May 31, 2022

• Crankshaft and camshaft position sensors: Visually inspect the sensors and their wiring for any damage. Test the sensors with a multimeter if they appear okay. Replace the sensors if they are faulty. 
• VVT solenoid: Check the VVT solenoid for proper function. A clogged oil screen on the solenoid can cause this code. 

4. Look for other issues
You can watch this video to learn about other potential causes of the P0016 code: 52sWhyingoYouTube · Aug 18, 2023

• Tone rings: Inspect the tone rings (reluctor wheels) on the crankshaft and camshaft for any damage or misalignment. A broken key on a tone ring can also cause this problem. 
• Wiring: Check the wiring for the camshaft and crankshaft sensors, as well as the VVT solenoid, for any signs of shorts, breaks, or frayed wires. 
• Broken stationary guide: In some cases, a broken stationary guide can cause an oil pressure loss and result in a P0016 code. This may be located inside the oil pan. 

5. When to seek professional help
This video explains how to find a professional to help you with the P0016 code: 57s8020 AutomotiveYouTube · Oct 20, 2024

• If you are not comfortable performing these diagnostics, it is best to consult a professional mechanic. They have the specialized tools and expertise to diagnose and repair complex engine timing issues. 

How much does it cost to fix the P0016 code on a Ford?

Replacing the cam and crank sensors is one of the most common repairs for the P0016 code. Replacing a cam and crank sensor usually costs about $200 with labor. If you are going to do the replacement yourself, the price range for the sensor is about $15-$150.

Where is camshaft position sensor Bank 1 located?

The camshaft position sensor (CMP) for bank 1 is located on the passenger side of the engine, toward the rear of the cylinder head. This is the side of the engine with cylinder #1, and on a V-engine, it's the side with the first cylinder. Specifically, it is often the sensor nearest to the center of the engine on the passenger side, but this can vary by vehicle.
 
This video shows the location of the bank 1 camshaft position sensor on a Chrysler Town and Country: 1mDuby4lifeYouTube · Nov 10, 2023

• Engine configuration: Bank 1 is the side of the engine containing the number one cylinder. On V-type engines (V6, V8), this is one of the two cylinder banks. 
• Positioning: Look for the sensor at the back of the cylinder head on the passenger side. It is often the intake-side sensor in a system with multiple sensors. 
• Identification: It may have a specific color connector, like green on some models, and is held in place by a single bolt (e.g., a 10mm bolt on some Infiniti models). 
• How to confirm: To be certain, you should consult your vehicle's specific repair manual or online resources. This will provide a diagram and exact location for your make and model. 

This video explains how to locate engine bank sensors, which is helpful for understanding which bank is which: 1mYOUCANICYouTube · Feb 14, 2023

What is the most common cause of P0016?

As that may allow the timing of the crankshaft. And cam shaft to come out of sync.