Do Subarus have 2 differentials?
Subaru’s all-wheel-drive systems typically rely on three differentials—front, center, and rear—so the quick answer is that it’s not just two. The center differential sits between the front and rear drivetrains to balance torque, while the front and rear differentials manage wheel torque on their respective axles. Exact configurations vary by model and generation.
Understanding Subaru's Symmetrical AWD architecture
Subaru’s hallmark Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive pairs a boxer engine with a balanced drivetrain layout to provide continuous traction. The front differential handles power to the front wheels, the rear differential to the rear wheels, and a center differential or center coupling distributes torque between the front and rear axles. Depending on the model and transmission, the center unit can be a traditional differential, a viscous coupling, or a driver-adjustable center differential in certain performance versions.
Differentials in practice
Front differential
The front differential splits torque between the left and right wheels on the front axle. It works in concert with the center and rear diffs to maintain traction through turns and on slippery surfaces.
Center differential
The center differential sits between the front and rear drivetrains, distributing torque across both axles. In many automatics and CVTs, it is a fixed or primarily automatic unit, sometimes featuring a viscous coupling. In performance models with manual gearboxes, Subarus may offer a driver-controlled center differential (DCCD) that lets the driver adjust front/rear torque bias.
Rear differential
The rear differential distributes torque across the rear axle’s wheels, complementing the front differential to provide all-wheel traction. Some trims use limited-slip designs to improve grip under challenging conditions.
Model variations and examples
While the basic three-differential concept remains common, the exact implementation differs by model and generation. Automatic and CVT-equipped Subarus generally rely on a center differential or center coupling within the transfer unit, delivering a near-even front/rear split. Manual-transmission models, notably certain performance variants, may feature a driver-adjustable center differential for fine-tuned torque distribution.
Manual transmissions (WRX, STI)
In several WRX and STI generations, a driver-controlled center differential (DCCD) allows the driver to modify torque bias between the front and rear wheels, providing greater control in sport or adverse conditions.
CVT and automatic Subarus
Most CVT (Lineartronic) and automatic Subarus implement the center differential in a way that favors ease of use and steady traction, with limited or no driver-adjustable torque bias, while still balancing front and rear torque automatically.
Summary
In short, Subarus with all-wheel drive typically use three differential units—front, center, and rear—to deliver traction across varying conditions. The center differential is the pivotal component that governs how much power goes to the front versus the rear axle, and some models offer adjustable center-differential settings for performance-oriented driving. For specifics, check your model year and trim in the owner’s manual or with a Subaru dealer.
