Do subarus have AWD or 4WD?
Most Subarus come with all-wheel drive (AWD) as standard, and Subaru does not offer traditional four-wheel drive (4WD) on its current passenger models. The notable exception is the BRZ, which is rear-wheel drive (RWD).
Subaru’s drivetrain approach centers on Symmetrical AWD, designed for balanced traction in a variety of conditions. This article breaks down the difference between AWD and 4WD, how Subaru implements AWD across its lineup, model specifics, and what that means for on-road and off-road driving.
AWD vs 4WD: What’s the difference?
AWD typically powers all four wheels automatically and continuously, often using a center differential to distribute torque as needed. 4WD is usually a selectable system that can provide high and low-range gearing for severe off-road use. In the modern Subaru lineup, AWD is the standard or primary drivetrain, and traditional 4WD with a low range is not offered on passenger cars.
Symmetrical AWD and how it works
Subaru’s Symmetrical AWD places the engine, transmission, and drivetrain in a near-perfectly balanced layout. Power is distributed to all four wheels through a center differential, which adjusts torque between the front and rear axles. This design aims to deliver stable handling and traction on wet, snowy, or uneven surfaces without requiring driver intervention.
Which Subaru models use AWD as standard?
AWD is a core feature on most of Subaru’s mainstream models. Examples include the Impreza, Forester, Outback, Crosstrek, Legacy, and Ascent. The exact configuration can vary by model year or market, but AWD is central to Subaru’s identity for passenger vehicles.
It’s worth noting a notable exception: the Subaru BRZ, a two-door sports coupe, is designed with rear-wheel drive, not AWD. Other performance-oriented variants like the WRX employ AWD, but the BRZ remains RWD by design.
Off-road and traction features to know
Beyond the base AWD system, Subaru offers features that enhance traction in challenging conditions, such as X-Mode and Hill Descent Control on select models. These help optimize throttle response, braking, and transmission behavior for slippery grades or uneven terrain, working in concert with AWD to boost confidence off pavement.
What should you consider if you want AWD?
If your priority is consistent all-weather traction, look for models that advertise AWD as standard or as the default drivetrain in the trim you’re considering. Check the specific model year’s specifications, since some trims in other brands may offer FWD, but Subaru’s lineup emphasizes AWD across its core models.
Remember that AWD is not a substitute for careful driving or proper tires. In winter conditions, high-quality winter tires often provide the biggest gains in grip, even on AWD vehicles.
Summary
Subarus are best known for their Symmetrical AWD system, which is standard on most models and designed to deliver steady traction in a wide range of conditions. Traditional 4WD with a low-range is not used in modern Subaru passenger vehicles, with the notable exception of the BRZ, which is designed as a rear-wheel-drive sport coupe. For drivers seeking reliable all-season capability, Subaru’s AWD lineup—often paired with traction-enhancing features—offers a practical, low-maintenance solution without a true 4WD system.
Are subarus 4WD or AWD?
Subarus are all-wheel drive (AWD), not 4WD. Every Subaru model comes standard with Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive, except for the BRZ sports car, which has rear-wheel drive. The AWD system is always engaged and continually distributes power to all four wheels, providing better traction and control than most 4WD systems, which are often not full-time.
- Always on: Subaru's AWD system is always active, automatically adjusting the power sent to each wheel to maintain traction. This differs from many 4WD systems that require the driver to manually engage them.
- Responsive: The system can detect a wheel slip in less than one full rotation and can redirect power away from the slipping wheel to those with traction.
- Model variations: While the core system is the same, Subaru offers different variations for different models. For example, a manual transmission on an Impreza, Crosstrek, or Forester is set to a 50/50 split, while automatic versions have a front-wheel bias. WRX and STI models have a rear-wheel bias for a sportier feel.
- The exception: The only Subaru that does not come with AWD is the BRZ, which is a rear-wheel drive sports car.
Which Subaru model has the best AWD?
- The 2020 Subaru WRX STI is the BEST AWD Family Sports Sedan!
- Comments
What are the downsides of Subaru AWD?
The rear differential is a critical part of the AWD system, so fluid leaks can result in increased friction, reduced lubrication, and loss of traction. Likewise, issues can arise with the center differential, creating a similar problem.
Are AWD and 4WD the same?
No, AWD (all-wheel drive) and 4WD (four-wheel drive) are not the same, though they both send power to all four wheels. The key difference is that AWD is designed for on-road performance and automatically engages, while 4WD is for off-road capability and typically requires driver input to lock the system for more extreme conditions.
All-Wheel Drive (AWD)
- Function: Designed for safety and performance on paved and unpaved roads, automatically sending power to all four wheels when needed, such as during slippage.
- System: Uses a center differential to send power to the wheels. In many systems, the car primarily runs in two-wheel drive until sensors detect wheel slip and engage the all-wheel drive system.
- Best for: Everyday driving in various weather conditions like rain, snow, or ice.
- Considerations: Less fuel-efficient than 2WD but generally more fuel-efficient than 4WD, as it's less complex and doesn't always have all four wheels powered.
Four-Wheel Drive (4WD)
- Function: Designed for serious off-road use, providing maximum traction and torque.
- System: Typically uses a transfer case that allows the driver to manually engage 4WD. Some systems can lock the differentials for more extreme off-road situations, which is not usually possible with AWD.
- Best for: Off-roading in deep snow, mud, sand, or other challenging terrain.
- Considerations: Adds weight and complexity, which can impact fuel efficiency and handling on pavement. It may also require a specific mode for use on dry, paved roads to avoid damaging the drivetrain.
