Do subarus have driveshafts?
Subarus equipped with all-wheel drive typically use a driveshaft (propeller shaft) to transmit power from the front-mounted transmission through a center transfer unit to the rear differential, enabling power to reach the rear wheels. There are exceptions in some hybrid and electrified models where rear-wheel drive is provided by electric motors rather than a mechanical shaft.
How Subaru's Symmetrical AWD works
Subaru's Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive (SAWD) aims for balanced handling and steady torque delivery. The engine is boxer-style and mounted longitudinally, with power flowing through the transmission to a center transfer unit that distributes torque to the rear via a driveshaft. Front and rear differentials manage wheel-level power, aided by CV joints to accommodate suspension movement and steering.
Before we dive into the mechanics, here are the core components involved:
- Power Transfer Unit (PTU) or center differential: splits torque between the front and rear axles and can vary distribution based on traction needs.
- Driveshaft (prop shaft): a tubular shaft that transfers power from the front drivetrain to the rear differential in most gasoline Subarus with SAWD.
- Front differential and transaxle: deliver power to the front wheels and manage front-wheel torque.
- Rear differential: distributes rear-wheel torque to the rear wheels through CV joints and half-shafts.
- CV joints and drive shaft half-shafts: accommodate steering and suspension movement while transmitting torque.
In summary, the traditional SAWD layout in many Subarus relies on a mechanical driveshaft to connect front and rear drivetrains, with the center differential (or PTU) managing how much torque goes to each axle. Electrified or hybrid variants may alter this arrangement.
Hybrids and electrified Subarus
Not all AWD Subarus rely on a mechanical driveshaft. Some hybrid or plug-in hybrid models use electric motors to drive the rear wheels, which can eliminate the need for a long rear driveshaft or modify the drivetrain layout. For example, certain e-Boxer configurations and the Crosstrek Hybrid may employ rear-wheel drive via electric motors rather than a purely mechanical shaft. Always check the drivetrain specification for the exact model and year.
Additionally, some regional offerings or newer generations may implement slight variations in AWD architecture, including systems that bias torque toward the front wheels or use electronic coupling. The overarching goal remains: maintain traction across conditions.
Signs a driveshaft or AWD component might need attention
If you own or service a Subaru with SAWD, be mindful of symptoms that could indicate issues with the driveshaft, PTU, or related components:
- Vibration or shuddering at highway speeds, especially during acceleration.
- Clunking or banging noises when starting from a stop, accelerating, or shifting into gear.
- A binding or dragging sensation during turns or when the vehicle is loaded.
- Visible fluid leaks around the PTU area or damaged CV boots on the driveshaft.
- Uneven tire wear or handling issues suggesting improper torque distribution.
If any of these symptoms appear, have the system inspected by a qualified mechanic promptly to prevent further damage.
Maintenance tips for AWD driveshafts
Keeping Subaru's AWD system in good shape involves regular checks and following the owner's manual maintenance schedule. The following are practical steps to take:
- Follow manufacturer-recommended intervals for changing the center differential/PTU fluid and transmission fluid. The exact interval varies by model and year, so consult the owner’s manual or dealer schedule.
- Inspect the driveshaft for dents, corrosion, or wear, and inspect CV boots for cracks or leaks.
- Monitor for unusual vibrations or noises and address them early to avoid damage to the differential or driveshaft joints.
- Ensure tires are evenly worn and properly inflated to reduce uneven torque loads.
- Have the drivetrain inspected after any collision or heavy impact that could affect the underside or driveline components.
Regular maintenance and early diagnosis help keep the AWD system functioning correctly and extend the life of the driveshaft and related components.
Summary
In brief, most Subaru models equipped with all-wheel drive use a mechanical driveshaft to link the front drivetrain to the rear axle, with a center differential or Power Transfer Unit regulating torque distribution. Hybrid and electric variants can differ by using electric motors to drive the rear wheels, which may bypass the need for a traditional front-to-rear driveshaft. Understanding your specific model’s drivetrain configuration is key, and following Subaru's maintenance schedule will help keep the system reliable.
What is the most common problem in Subarus?
The most common Subaru problems include issues with head gaskets, oil consumption, and transmission problems, particularly with older EJ engines and certain first-generation CVTs. Other frequent issues involve timing belt failures, electrical faults, and suspension wear. Many of these issues are more prevalent in specific older model years, though newer models can still experience problems like transmission wear.
This video discusses common issues with Subaru engines and transmissions: 58sThe OCD RepairmanYouTube · Jul 7, 2025
Engine and powertrain problems
- Head gasket leaks: This is a notorious issue, especially in older models with EJ series engines, and can lead to coolant leaks, overheating, and other engine damage.
- Engine oil consumption: Some models consume excessive oil, often due to worn piston rings or valve seals.
- Timing belt failures: A failing timing belt can cause severe engine damage, and replacement should be done according to the manufacturer's schedule.
- Transmission problems: Issues like slipping gears or rough shifting have been reported, particularly in some first-generation Lineartronic CVTs and certain models with higher torque loads.
Other common issues
- Electrical issues: Various components can have faults, including sensors, alternators, and starters.
- Suspension problems: Suspension components can wear out over time, leading to excessive noise, vibration, and poor handling.
- Defective airbags: Some model years have had issues with airbags.
- Faulty fuel pumps: Problems with fuel pumps have been reported in some models.
- Weak windshields: Some owners have complained about the durability of the windshields.
Tips to mitigate problems
- Perform regular maintenance: Consistent oil changes, fluid checks, and other scheduled maintenance can help prevent many issues and extend engine life.
- Replace the timing belt on schedule: Adhering to the manufacturer's recommended timing belt replacement interval is crucial to avoid catastrophic engine damage.
- Be mindful of specific model years: Researching specific model years for known problems can help you make a more informed decision, especially when buying used.
What cars don't have drive shafts?
Front-Wheel Drive Cars: Front-wheel drive cars typically do not have conventional drive shafts. Instead, they use constant velocity (CV) shafts or half shafts to transmit power directly to the front wheels.
Do Subarus have a drive shaft?
Your factory Subaru drive shaft transforms the power, torque, and rotation of your engine into the motion your vehicle needs to roam the highways and byways. Of course, you may refer to yours as a drivetrain. Either name, it's an essential component of every car and SUV.
Do AWD cars have a driveshaft?
All-wheel drive (AWD) vehicles have two driveshafts that help distribute power to all four wheels.
