Does a Subaru timing chain need to be replaced?
In most modern Subarus, timing chains are designed to last the life of the engine and do not have a routine replacement schedule. Replacement is typically only necessary if wear or failure occurs in the chain, tensioners, or guides.
That said, some high-mileage Subarus or certain engine designs can develop wear in the chain drive components. If you hear unusual noises, notice power loss, or see signs of oil issues around the timing cover, it’s wise to have the system inspected by a qualified mechanic. This article explains how timing chains work in Subarus, when replacement might be needed, and what to expect in terms of signs, maintenance, and cost.
Understanding timing chains in Subaru engines
Subaru uses timing chains on most of its modern engines, including the FA/FB family and related designs. These chains synchronize the crankshaft and camshafts and rely on tensioners and guides to maintain proper tension and alignment. With proper oil changes and maintenance, these chains are intended to last for the life of the engine. Unlike timing belts, there is no factory-mandated replacement interval for timing chains, but wear in the chain, tensioners, and guides can occur over time, especially if oil quality or levels are neglected.
Model coverage and changes over time
Since roughly the mid-2010s, many Subaru models (Impreza, Crosstrek, Forester, Outback, Legacy, and others) have used timing chains rather than belts. However, design details can vary by engine and year, and some older Subarus used belt-driven timing. Always verify your specific model-year and engine in the owner's manual or service bulletin.
Signs your timing chain or drive components may need replacement
Watch for common warning signs that point to wear in the chain, tensioners, or guides and warrant a professional inspection.
- Rattle or clatter from the front of the engine on startup or at cold idle
- Engine misfires, rough running, or reduced power and acceleration
- Check Engine Light with timing-related diagnostic codes
- Oil leaks or puddles near the timing cover, or unusually rapid oil loss
- Unusual wear patterns or metal shavings in the oil when changed
If you notice any of these symptoms, schedule a diagnostic with a Subaru-trained technician. A failing timing chain can cause severe engine damage, particularly in interference engines.
Maintenance and prevention: how to extend timing chain life
These practices help minimize wear on the timing chain system and its tensioners and guides.
- Follow the manufacturer’s recommended oil change interval and use the correct oil grade and specification
- Keep oil level full and address leaks promptly to prevent oil starvation of the tensioners
- Avoid aggressive driving or high-rev conditions if you suspect chain wear until inspected
- If you buy a used Subaru, have a pre-purchase inspection that includes timing chain tensioner and guide checks
Regular maintenance reduces the risk of premature wear, but if you hear noises or notice performance issues, don’t delay diagnostics.
Cost and service considerations for timing chain work
Replacing or servicing a timing chain is a major job that varies by model and whether ancillary components are included.
- Typical cost range: Replacement or complete chain kit service (including tensioners, guides, and often water pump) commonly falls in the broad range of around $1,000 to $2,500, depending on model and region. Some cases may be higher if engine removal is required or if only partial service is performed.
- What’s included: A timing chain kit generally includes the chain, guides, tensioners, gaskets, and usually the water pump; OEM or dealer parts are commonly recommended for reliability.
- Labor considerations: The job is labor-intensive and can require extensive disassembly; some models may allow a more straightforward approach, but many require engine access to align timing marks accurately.
- Preventive vs. corrective: Since there is no routine interval for chain replacement, you pay for the service only when there is demonstrable wear, a failure, or a preventative maintenance decision driven by mileage or inspection results.
Discuss with a trusted Subaru technician to get an accurate estimate for your specific model and mileage.
Summary
For most Subaru owners, timing chains do not require regular replacement and are built to last the life of the engine when oil changes and maintenance are kept up. Replacement becomes a consideration if chain wear, worn guides or tensioners, or oil-related issues are detected. Listen for unusual engine noises, watch for performance changes, and have any concerns inspected promptly. Proper maintenance and early diagnosis are the best defenses against costly timing chain failures.
What is the problem with the timing chain on a Subaru?
Simply, when the timing chain of your Subaru stretches or becomes loose, it can throw off the engine's timing. This misalignment may lead to misfires and disrupt the combustion process. A misfire will cause your engine to run roughly and inefficiently, and could lead to damage.
What year to stay away from a Subaru Outback?
Years to avoid for the Subaru Outback include 2010–2014, which had widespread CVT, oil consumption, and oil leak issues, and 2018, which had recalls and reliability concerns. Additionally, some sources recommend avoiding the 2005–2007 models due to head gasket problems and the 2020 model, which had electrical and windshield issues.
Years to avoid
- 2010–2014: These models are frequently cited for significant transmission issues (CVT), oil consumption, and general reliability problems. The 2010 model specifically had issues with the torque converter locking up.
- 2018: This year saw recalls and owner complaints related to oil consumption, exhaust components, and electrical issues.
- 2005–2007: These models are known for head gasket failures, which can cause coolant and oil leaks.
- 2020: This model year is associated with a high number of electrical problems, including dead batteries and stalling, as well as issues with the windshield cracking from small chips.
Other potential problem years
- 2013: Frequently mentioned for oil consumption issues.
- 2015: Some reports list it with electrical and engine problems.
- 2017: Reliability issues were noted.
What year did Subaru change to timing chain?
Subaru began phasing in timing chains around 2011-2012, and most of its non-turbo engines transitioned to them by the 2013-2015 model years, depending on the vehicle. However, some engines, like the STI's, continued to use timing belts until more recently. It's best to check your specific model and year to be certain.
- Transition period: The years 2011–2012 were a transitional period for many models, with some engines having belts and others having chains.
- FB and FA engines: The shift to timing chains is linked to Subaru's newer FB and FA engine series, which began appearing in models like the 2011 Forester, 2012 Impreza, and 2013 Legacy/Outback.
- EJ engines: Older EJ series engines used timing belts. These were still used in some models up to around 2015, such as the STI.
- 6-cylinder engines: All Subaru 6-cylinder engines (EZ30 and EZ36) have used timing chains since 2001.
How long does a timing chain last on a Subaru?
A timing chain is bulkier and louder; however, it does not require replacement. Though a repair might be necessary in some rare occasions, most timing chains last for the entire life of the engine.
