How do you use plus and minus in an automatic transmission?
In most modern automatics with a manual mode, the plus (+) and minus (−) controls let you select gears yourself, using either paddle shifters on the steering wheel or a dedicated gate on the gear selector. + upshifts to higher gears, − downshifts to lower gears.
Accessing plus and minus controls
The following notes explain how drivers typically access and use the +/- controls in automatic transmissions.
- Paddle shifters: Many cars place small +/- paddles behind the steering wheel. Tapping the right paddle (often labeled +) upshifts, while the left paddle (often labeled −) downshifts. Some systems require a brief press or a full pull to register the shift.
- Manual mode via the gear lever: Some vehicles use a dedicated manual or sport gate on the gear selector. Move the lever to the manual/S mode and use either the lever itself or adjacent +/- controls to shift up or down.
- Digital/manual modes: In certain cars, the transmission may display a digital shift indicator and allow gear changes through steering-wheel buttons, touch controls, or a switch labeled M/S with +/- toggles.
- Engine behavior and limits: Even in manual mode, the ECU can intervene to prevent harmful shifts (for example, avoiding an overrev or stalling). Some cars also automatically upshift at redline to protect the engine.
- Safety and conditions: Access and behavior can vary by model; on slippery surfaces, aggressive downshifting can cause wheel spin, so use engine braking judiciously and adapt to road conditions.
In practice, the plus/minus controls are intended to give you more control over gear selection when needed, while still benefiting from the computer-managed shifts during normal cruising.
Using plus and minus in practice
To apply manual gear control effectively, follow these practical steps across typical configurations.
- Start and prepare the vehicle: Buckle up, ensure you’re at a safe speed, and have the transmission ready in manual or sport mode if you intend to use +/- shifts.
- Engage manual mode: Use the paddle shifters or move the gear lever to the manual/S position to enable +/- shifting.
- Plan your shifts: Use + to move to a higher gear as you accelerate and approach the desired power band; use − to drop to a lower gear when more torque or engine braking is required—such as approaching a corner or descending a hill.
- Watch engine speed: Shift before the RPM limit or redline, and avoid staying in too low a gear at high speeds, which wastes fuel and can strain the engine.
- Use engine braking wisely: Downshifting on a descent or when braking can help control speed, but avoid downshifting abruptly on slick pavement.
- Be aware of the car’s behavior: Some transmissions auto-correct by rev-matching or by upshifting automatically if you hold a gear too long; others may require you to release the lever to return to full automatic.
- Return to standard driving: When you’re done with sporty shifting or traffic calms, return the selector to Drive (D) or the normal driving mode.
These steps apply to most vehicles with a traditional +/- setup on paddles or a manual mode gate, but exact operation can vary by make and model. Always consult your owner’s manual for specifics about your car’s shift system.
Vehicle-specific notes
Different manufacturers implement +/- controls in distinct ways. A few common variations include:
- Paddle-only systems: Some cars rely exclusively on steering-wheel paddles for +/- shifts, with no manual lever involved.
- Lever-based systems: Others use a mechanical shift gate where you push or pull the lever to engage manual shifts, often with +/- symbols on or near the lever.
- Dual-mode transmission: Certain models offer a separate “sport” mode that subtly tweaks shift points even in automatic shifting, with +/- available as a backup for driver control.
- Rev matching: Some vehicles rev-match automatically on downshifts, while others require you to blip the throttle or rely on the car to select the closest reasonable gear.
As always, the exact method and behavior depend on your vehicle’s design and software version. When in doubt, start in a safe area, practice with low speeds, and refer to the manual.
Summary
Plus and minus in an automatic transmission provide a bridge between full automatic shifting and manual control. By using them via paddle shifters or a manual-mode gate, you can optimize power delivery, improve engine braking on descents, and tailor gear selection to driving conditions. Remember that transmission behavior varies by model, so consult your manual and practice in a safe environment to become proficient.
