What frequency are my TPMS sensors?
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) sensors typically transmit on either 315 MHz (common in North America) or 433 MHz (common in Europe and many other regions). Some replacements are dual-band and can operate on both frequencies. To be sure, check your vehicle’s documentation or use a diagnostic tool to confirm the exact band.
Common TPMS Frequencies by Region
The following frequencies cover the vast majority of TPMS sensors in use today across different markets. Knowing the region helps narrow down the correct band when replacing or servicing sensors.
- 315 MHz – Predominant in North America (United States, Canada, and many imports configured for these markets).
- 433 MHz – Widely used in Europe, parts of Asia, and other regions outside North America.
- Dual-band / dual-frequency sensors – Some aftermarket and OEM replacements are designed to operate on both 315 MHz and 433 MHz, enabling cross-region compatibility.
In practice, most vehicles will be tuned to one of these bands, with dual-band options available for shops that service vehicles from multiple regions. When in doubt, verify your car’s exact requirement before purchasing replacements.
Dual-band TPMS sensors
Dual-band sensors are designed to communicate on two frequencies (315 and 433 MHz), allowing a single part to service vehicles configured for either region. This can simplify inventory for shops and reduce downtime when servicing imports, but compatibility should still be confirmed with the vehicle’s receiver and any relearn procedures.
How to determine the exact frequency for your vehicle
Accurately identifying the frequency avoids misfits and wasted service time. Use these methods to confirm the correct band for your TPMS sensors.
- Check the vehicle’s owner’s manual or official service information for the correct TPMS band.
- Inspect the original TPMS sensor on the wheel; some sensors have the frequency clearly stamped on the housing or stem (e.g., “315” or “433”).
- Use a professional TPMS diagnostic tool or scanner that reads each sensor’s band/ID, often displayed during wheel programming or relearn procedures.
- Ask your dealer or tire shop with your VIN; service data or OEM parts catalogs list the exact frequency for your model.
Once you know the frequency, purchase sensors that match that band, or opt for dual-band sensors if your fleet includes vehicles from multiple regions. A correctly matched frequency ensures reliable readings and avoids nuisance warning lights.
What to consider when replacing TPMS sensors
Choosing the right sensor goes beyond frequency. Other factors impact reliability, compatibility, and installation workflow.
- Frequency compatibility: ensure the replacement matches 315 MHz, 433 MHz, or a confirmed dual-band option for your vehicle.
- Sensor type and compatibility: OE-style sensors vs. aftermarket units; some vehicles require OEM-replaceable valve stems or specific sensor designs.
- Programming and relearn: many TPMS sensors require programming and a relearn procedure after installation, which may require specialized tools or dealer involvement.
- Tire/wheel compatibility: verify the sensor supports your tire size, load rating, and valve stem type (snap-in vs. locking stems).
Getting the frequency right reduces the risk of warning lights and ensures long-term reliability. If you’re unsure, consult a tire specialist or your dealership for precise guidance.
Summary
TPMS sensor frequencies are region-dependent, with 315 MHz common in North America and 433 MHz common in many European and other markets. Dual-band sensors exist and can simplify cross-region replacements. Always verify the exact frequency for your vehicle via official documentation, sensor labeling, or a professional diagnostic tool before purchasing replacements.
What signal do TPMS sensors use?
A Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) sensor transmits a radio frequency signal containing the tire's pressure, temperature, and its unique ID number to the vehicle's computer. The system uses this information to detect low or high pressure and alert the driver via a dashboard light. The sensor is triggered to transmit when movement is detected by its internal accelerometer.
You can watch this video to learn about TPMS sensor signals: 58sTire ReviewYouTube · Jul 13, 2023
How TPMS sensors work
- Activation: The sensor detects movement, which "wakes it up" to transmit its data.
- Transmission: It broadcasts a low-power, low-frequency radio signal, commonly at 315MHz315 MHz315MHz or 433MHz433 MHz433MHz.
- Data sent: The signal includes the sensor's unique ID, the current tire pressure, and the sensor's temperature.
What happens when the signal is sent
- Low pressure: If the vehicle's computer receives a signal indicating that a tire is significantly underinflated (typically 25%25 %25% below recommended pressure), it illuminates the TPMS warning light on the dashboard.
- System malfunction: If the TPMS light flashes for 60−9060 minus 9060−90 seconds before staying on, it signals a malfunction in the TPMS system itself, not just low tire pressure. This could be due to a dead sensor battery, as the batteries are often not replaceable.
This video explains what to do when your TPMS light is on: 59sSilver CymbalYouTube · Jan 20, 2020
Important considerations
- Check pressure when cold: To get an accurate reading, check your tire pressure when the tires are cold, as driving generates heat and increases pressure.
- Location of recommended pressure: The correct tire pressure is listed on the driver's side door jamb or in the owner's manual, not on the tire's sidewall (which is the maximum pressure).
- Direct vs. Indirect systems: Some vehicles use an indirect TPMS, which uses the ABS wheel speed sensors to estimate tire pressure. These systems are less accurate and may not detect slow leaks as effectively as direct TPMS (which uses sensors inside the tires).
Is TPMS 315 or 433?
The main difference is that 315 MHz TPMS sensors are used in North America, while 433 MHz sensors are primarily used in Europe. Choosing the wrong frequency will prevent the sensor from communicating with the vehicle's computer, so it's crucial to use the correct one for your vehicle's region. While 433 MHz may perform better in enclosed spaces, 315 MHz has a slightly longer range in open areas.
| Feature | 315 MHz TPMS | 433 MHz TPMS |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Region | North America | Europe |
| Interchangeability | Not interchangeable with 433 MHz; will not communicate with the vehicle's system | Not interchangeable with 315 MHz; will not communicate with the vehicle's system |
| Performance (General) | Slightly longer range in open environments | May perform better in enclosed environments |
| Verification | Crucial to verify the correct frequency for your specific vehicle, as some models may use both | Crucial to verify the correct frequency for your specific vehicle, as some models may use both |
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How do I know what frequency my TPMS sensor is?
And sometimes Sometimes you can verify the TPMS frequency from the key fob. In most vehicles. The TPMS. And key fob frequencies are the same because they use the same receiver.
How do I know which TPMS sensor I have?
You can identify a TPMS sensor by checking for a small, cylindrical component attached to the inside of the wheel at the valve stem, which often looks different from a standard valve stem. Other methods include looking for the TPMS warning light on your dashboard, checking the owner's manual, or using a specialized TPMS tool or an OBD2 scanner for a definitive reading.
This video demonstrates how to identify a TPMS sensor by inspecting the valve stem: 1mDillAirControlsYouTube · Mar 7, 2013
Visual inspection
- Look at the valve stem: The sensor is often attached directly to the valve stem inside the wheel. You may see a different valve stem style, such as a rigid, bolted-down one, which can indicate the presence of a sensor. Some types have a bevel or a different shape where the stem meets the wheel.
- Examine the wheel assembly: Some TPMS sensors are clamped to the wheel with a nut, washer, and rubber grommet, while others are banded to the inside of the wheel.
Use your car's dashboard and manual
- Check for the TPMS light: When you start your car, the TPMS light (a tire cross-section with an exclamation point) should briefly illuminate and then turn off. If it stays on, your car may have low tire pressure or a sensor issue.
- Consult the owner's manual: The manual will provide specific information about your vehicle's TPMS system and can help you understand how to identify its components and features.
Use diagnostic tools
- Use a TPMS tool: These specialized tools can read the sensor's ID, battery level, and status. They are often used by professionals to diagnose issues and can help identify a faulty sensor.
- Use an OBD2 scanner: A standard automotive diagnostic tool can often read TPMS data and provide diagnostic codes that can help pinpoint a specific faulty sensor.
