What kind of oil does a Subaru gearbox take?

It depends on the transmission: CVTs use Subaru CVT Fluid NS-2, traditional automatics use Subaru ATF, and manual gearboxes typically require GL-4 gear oil (commonly 75W-90). Always verify with your owner's manual or service guide for the exact specification for your model and year.

Subaru has offered several transmission designs across its lineup, from the Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) known as Lineartronic to traditional automatics and manual gearboxes. The right lubricant is crucial for performance, reliability, and warranty coverage, so this article outlines the standard options by transmission type and how to confirm the correct specification for your car.

CVT (Lineartronic) transmissions

Recommended oils for CVTs

Before listing CVT oil options, note that CVTs require a dedicated CVT fluid rather than standard automatic transmission fluid. Using the wrong fluid can affect shift feel, efficiency, and longevity.

• Subaru CVT Fluid NS-2 (the standard CVTF used in most Lineartronic transmissions)


• Equivalent fluids from reputable brands that explicitly meet the NS-2 specification


• Market- or model-specific fluids that are approved by Subaru for your vehicle (check the manual or dealer guidance)

In practice, NS-2 is the baseline you’ll see listed in manuals and on service supplements for CVTs in Subaru vehicles. Always avoid using non-CVTF fluids or regular ATF in a CVT unless the manual explicitly allows it.

Traditional automatic transmissions

Recommended oils for automatics

Before listing the options for automatics, keep in mind that Subaru automatics (such as older 4EAT and certain modern 6-speed units) are designed to use a specific automatic transmission fluid. Compatibility can vary by model year, so consult your manual before changing.

• Subaru Original ATF (the manufacturer’s recommended ATF for your model/year)


• Dexron VI-compatible ATF if approved by Subaru for your transmission (many models list this compatibility)

Using the exact Subaru-specified ATF helps preserve shifting quality and transmission life. If a Dexron VI-compatible fluid is allowed for your car, ensure it is explicitly approved by Subaru for your model; otherwise, stick to the OEM fluid.

Manual transmissions

Recommended oils for manuals

Manual gearboxes in Subaru vehicles typically require a GL-4 grade gear oil. Using the correct viscosity is important for synchronizers and shift quality; many manuals use 75W-90, while some variants may call for 80W-90.

• GL-4 gear oil, commonly 75W-90 or 80W-90 (check the manual for exact viscosity)


• Avoid GL-5 in manual transmissions with brass synchronizers, unless the manual specifies GL-5 compatibility


• If your manual specifies Subaru oil or a brand-approved equivalent, use that exact specification

Manual transmissions tend to be less forgiving of the wrong spec, so adherence to the spec in the owner’s manual is especially important for longevity and smooth operation.

Practical notes and maintenance tips

To ensure you’re using the correct oil for your Subaru, follow these best practices:

• Always verify model-year and transmission code (CVT, 4EAT/5EAT, or manual) in the owner’s manual or a dealership service bulletin


• Use OEM or brand-approved fluids that explicitly meet the specified standard (NS-2 for CVT, the designated ATF for automatics, GL-4 for manuals)


• Do not mix fluids from different specifications; flush or drain and refill as recommended by Subaru


• When in doubt, consult a Subaru service professional or your dealer to confirm the exact spec for your vehicle

Keeping to the recommended lubricant not only preserves shifting performance but also protects gears and clutches from premature wear. Misuse of fluids can void warranties and lead to costly repairs.

Summary

The kind of oil your Subaru gearbox takes depends on the transmission type: CVTs use NS-2 CVT fluid, traditional automatics use the specified ATF (often Dexron VI-compatible fluids if approved by Subaru), and manual transmissions use GL-4 gear oil (usually 75W-90 or 80W-90). Always check the owner's manual or consult a dealer to confirm the exact spec for your model and year, and avoid mixing fluids or using non-approved lubricants.

What gearbox does Subaru use?

Subaru offers several transmission types, most commonly the Lineartronic CVT, which is a continuously variable transmission found in most automatic models. Subaru also produces various manual transmissions, including 5-speed and 6-speed options, and has used traditional automatic transmissions in older models.
 
Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)

• How it works: Instead of fixed gears, it uses a belt and pulley system to provide an infinite range of gear ratios. 
• Benefits: This results in smoother performance, better fuel efficiency, and optimized power delivery. 
• Availability: The Lineartronic CVT is standard on most automatic Subarus, such as the Outback, Forester, Impreza, and Crosstrek. 

Manual Transmission

• How it works: These are traditional manual gearboxes with fixed gears that the driver selects. 
• Options: Subaru has offered both 5-speed and 6-speed manual transmissions. 
• Availability: Manuals are often found on performance models like the WRX and some trims of other vehicles, while the Subaru BRZ comes exclusively with a manual transmission. 

Other transmissions

• Older automatic transmissions: Some older Subaru models used traditional automatic transmissions, such as 4-speed and 5-speed automatic transmissions. 
• Early CVTs: Subaru was an early adopter of CVT technology, with its first version appearing in the Subaru Justy in 1989. 

What kind of transmission fluid goes in a Subaru?

The Subaru transmission fluid type depends on your transmission, but common options include CVTF-II or CVTF-III for Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVTs) and ATF-HP for older automatic transmissions. It is crucial to use the correct fluid, so always consult your owner's manual or a Subaru dealership to confirm the specific type for your vehicle to prevent damage.
 
For Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVT)

• CVTF-II: A green fluid used in many older CVT models, such as certain Crosstrek, Forester, Legacy, and Impreza models. 
• CVTF-III: A newer fluid for many current CVT models. 

For Automatic Transmissions (AT)

• ATF-HP: A specific fluid recommended for many Subaru 4-speed and 5-speed automatic transmissions. It is also sometimes used in power steering systems. 
• Dexron: Some older models may use a standard Dexron-type automatic transmission fluid. 

Important considerations

• Owner's manual: Always check your owner's manual for the precise fluid type and specifications for your vehicle. 
• Genuine Subaru fluid: It is highly recommended to use genuine Subaru fluid or an equivalent fluid from a trusted brand like Idemitsu, as Subaru uses Idemitsu as their OEM supplier. 
• Avoid multi-vehicle fluids: Avoid using generic multi-vehicle fluids, especially for CVT transmissions, as they may not have the correct specifications. 

What kind of oil does a Subaru rear differential take?

Most Subaru models require 75W-90 GL-5 synthetic gear oil for the rear differential, but it's essential to confirm the exact specification for your vehicle. Valvoline, Subaru's own brand, and other high-quality brands like Red Line offer suitable products. Always check your owner's manual for the most accurate information and be sure to replace the crush washers on the drain and fill plugs when servicing. 
Recommended fluid specifications

• Weight: 75W-90
• API Rating: GL-5
• Type: Full synthetic is recommended for most applications 

How to check for the correct fluid

• Owner's Manual: The most reliable source for the correct fluid type and capacity is your Subaru's owner's manual. 
• Online Resources: Check forums like Reddit or sites like Advance Auto Parts by entering your car's make, model, and year.
• Dealer or Mechanic: A Subaru dealership or a trusted mechanic can confirm the exact specification for your vehicle. 

Important considerations

• Limited-Slip Differential (LSD): If your Subaru has a limited-slip differential, ensure the fluid is compatible with LSDs. Some fluids, like Red Line 75W-90 NS, are specifically made for manual transmissions and don't have the additives needed for a limited-slip rear differential. 
• Crush Washers: Always replace the crush washers on both the drain and fill plugs to ensure a proper seal. 
• Torque Specifications: Tighten the plugs to the manufacturer's specified torque. For some Subaru models, this is around 49 Nm or 37 foot-pounds. 

Are transmission fluid and gearbox oil the same?

No, gear oil and transmission fluid are not the same, although they both serve as lubricants. They have different chemical compositions and properties designed for the distinct needs of manual and automatic transmissions. Gear oil is typically thicker and used in manual transmissions, while automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is used in automatic transmissions and is also a hydraulic fluid. 
Gear oil

• Application: Primarily for manual transmissions and differentials. 
• Properties: Thicker and more viscous, designed to provide high-pressure protection for gears. 
• Additives: Contains additives to protect against wear and tear on synchronized gear sets. 

Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) 

• Application: Used in automatic transmissions. 
• Properties: Thinner than gear oil and serves multiple functions, including lubricating, cooling, and providing hydraulic pressure to operate the transmission. 
• Additives: Contains detergents to keep internal passages clean, anti-foaming agents to prevent air bubbles, and heat resistance additives. 

Why they are different

• Function: ATF must perform a hydraulic function to shift gears, a task gear oil is not designed for. 
• Composition: The different formulations are crucial because using the wrong fluid can lead to overheating, slipping gears, and damage to internal components. 
• Viscosity: The viscosity of gear oil is much higher than ATF, and this difference in thickness can cause overheating and clogged passages if the wrong fluid is used.