When did Subaru go from timing belt to chain?

Subaru, the renowned Japanese automaker, has gradually transitioned its engine designs from using timing belts to timing chains over the past few decades. This shift has had significant implications for the maintenance and reliability of Subaru vehicles.

The Timing Belt Era

Historically, Subaru engines were equipped with timing belts, which are responsible for synchronizing the opening and closing of the engine's valves. Timing belts require periodic replacement, typically every 60,000 to 100,000 miles, to prevent potential engine damage. This maintenance task can be both time-consuming and costly for Subaru owners.

The Shift to Timing Chains

In recent years, Subaru has been phasing out the use of timing belts in favor of timing chains. Timing chains are designed to last the lifetime of the engine, eliminating the need for regular replacement. This transition has provided several benefits for Subaru owners:

• Improved Reliability: Timing chains are generally more durable and less prone to failure than timing belts, reducing the risk of unexpected engine issues.


• Reduced Maintenance Costs: With no need for periodic timing belt replacement, Subaru owners can save on maintenance expenses over the life of their vehicles.


• Increased Convenience: The elimination of timing belt replacement intervals means Subaru owners can enjoy their vehicles without the hassle of this routine maintenance task.

The transition to timing chains has been a gradual process for Subaru, with the company implementing the change across its model lineup over time. As of 2025, the majority of Subaru's current engine designs now feature timing chains, though some older models may still use timing belts.

Identifying Subaru Models with Timing Chains

To determine if a specific Subaru model uses a timing chain or timing belt, it's best to consult the vehicle's owner's manual or speak with a Subaru dealer. In general, newer Subaru models, such as the Outback, Ascent, and Impreza, are more likely to feature timing chain designs, while some older models may still use timing belts.

Subaru's transition from timing belts to timing chains has been a significant step forward in improving the long-term reliability and ownership experience of its vehicles. As the company continues to refine its engine designs, Subaru owners can look forward to even greater peace of mind and reduced maintenance costs in the years to come.

What year to stay away from a Subaru Outback?

Years to avoid for the Subaru Outback include 2010–2014, which had widespread CVT, oil consumption, and oil leak issues, and 2018, which had recalls and reliability concerns. Additionally, some sources recommend avoiding the 2005–2007 models due to head gasket problems and the 2020 model, which had electrical and windshield issues. 
Years to avoid

• 2010–2014: These models are frequently cited for significant transmission issues (CVT), oil consumption, and general reliability problems. The 2010 model specifically had issues with the torque converter locking up. 
• 2018: This year saw recalls and owner complaints related to oil consumption, exhaust components, and electrical issues. 
• 2005–2007: These models are known for head gasket failures, which can cause coolant and oil leaks. 
• 2020: This model year is associated with a high number of electrical problems, including dead batteries and stalling, as well as issues with the windshield cracking from small chips. 

Other potential problem years

• 2013: Frequently mentioned for oil consumption issues.
• 2015: Some reports list it with electrical and engine problems.
• 2017: Reliability issues were noted. 

When did Subaru change to timing chain?

Subaru began transitioning to timing chains for its naturally aspirated 2.5L engines around the 2011-2013 model years, depending on the vehicle model. The 2011 Forester, 2012 Impreza, and 2013 Outback/Legacy were among the first to switch to a timing chain. However, the turbo EJ engines, such as the EJ255, continued to use timing belts until around 2013, when they were also replaced by engines with timing chains. All 6-cylinder engines (3.0 and 3.6L) have used timing chains since 2001.
 
Naturally aspirated models

• 2011 Forester: First year for the FB25 engine with a timing chain. 
• 2012 Impreza: First year for the FB25 engine with a timing chain. 
• 2013 Outback and Legacy: First year for the FB25 engine with a timing chain. 

Turbocharged models

• 2014 Forester XT: Switched from a timing belt to a timing chain with the new FA20DIT engine. 

6-cylinder models

• 2001-present: All 6-cylinder Subaru engines (3.0L and 3.6L) have used timing chains. 

To check your specific vehicle

• Look at the engine cover: A timing belt will have a plastic cover on the front of the engine, while a timing chain is enclosed in an aluminum housing. 
• Search by VIN: Use your vehicle's VIN on a Subaru parts website or contact a dealer to get specific information on your engine. 

Does a 2018 Subaru Outback have a timing belt or chain?

The 2018 Subaru Outback uses a timing chain, not a timing belt. Timing chains are designed to be a "lifetime" component and do not have a scheduled replacement interval like a timing belt. However, the chain can stretch over time, which may cause symptoms like rattling noises, a check engine light, or rough idling. 

• Timing chain vs. belt: The 2018 Outback's timing chain is made of metal, while older or performance models like the WRX STI may use a rubberized timing belt that needs regular replacement. 
• Maintenance: Unlike a timing belt, a timing chain does not require a scheduled replacement. 
• Potential issues: Over time, the chain can stretch, and the tensioner or guides can wear out. 
• Symptoms of a problem: If you notice rattling noises on startup, a check engine light, or rough idling, it could indicate a timing chain issue. 
• Action to take: If you experience these symptoms, have a certified mechanic inspect the timing chain and related components to prevent potential engine damage. 

Does Subaru use a timing belt or chain?

Subaru uses both timing belts and chains, depending on the model and year. Newer models, especially those from 2013 or later, generally use a durable timing chain that doesn't require replacement. Older models, however, often have a rubber timing belt that needs to be replaced at specified intervals (typically around every 100,000 miles) to prevent severe engine damage. To be sure, always check your owner's manual for your specific vehicle. 
Timing chain (newer models)

• Function: A permanent metal chain that connects the engine's moving parts. 
• Maintenance: Does not require regular replacement; it is designed to last the life of the engine. 
• Models: Most Subaru models from around 2013 and newer have a timing chain. This includes most 4-cylinder engines (FB and FA series) and 6-cylinder engines (EZ series). 

Timing belt (older models)

• Function: A rubber belt that keeps engine components in time. 
• Maintenance: A wear item that needs to be replaced at manufacturer-recommended intervals to avoid failure. 
• Models: Found in older Subaru models, such as those with EJ series engines. 
• Failure risk: Since many modern Subaru engines are interference engines, if the belt breaks, it can cause catastrophic damage to the engine. 

How to check your Subaru

• Consult your owner's manual: This is the most reliable way to determine which type of system your vehicle has and its maintenance schedule. 
• Look for visual cues (for some models): On certain models, the location of the oil filter can be an indicator. If it's near the oil cap, you likely have a timing chain. 
• Know your model year: Generally, if your Subaru is from 2013 or newer, it has a chain. If it is older, it may have a belt.