Who does Toyota share engines with?
Toyota shares engines with several partners and within its corporate family. The clearest external examples are Subaru and BMW, while Suzuki and Daihatsu play roles in joint projects and internal collaboration within the Toyota Group. This article outlines the main engine-sharing relationships as of 2025.
External engine-sharing partnerships
The following partnerships illustrate how Toyota collaborates with other automakers to develop and share engine technology.
Subaru
The most visible example of cross-brand engineering is the 2.0-liter flat-four engine family used in both the Toyota 86 and the Subaru BRZ. This engine, part of the FA family, was developed jointly by Subaru and Toyota and is produced to serve both brands.
- FA20 2.0L horizontally opposed (boxer) engine
Through this collaboration, Toyota and Subaru demonstrate how shared powertrain components can underpin rival-branded sports coupes, delivering performance and efficiency benefits for both partners.
BMW
- B48 2.0L turbo inline-four (co-developed for the GR Supra and related models)
- B58 3.0L turbo inline-six (used in certain Supra variants and related projects)
The collaboration extends beyond engines to shared platforms and technology, helping Toyota deliver high-performance options like the Supra while leveraging BMW’s turbocharged engineering expertise.
Suzuki
- Joint development of small-displacement engines and hybrid technology as part of the Toyota-Suzuki collaboration
These efforts aim to expand Suzuki’s small-car capabilities while giving Toyota access to Suzuki’s strengths in lightweight, efficient powertrains.
Daihatsu (within the Toyota Group)
Daihatsu is a subsidiary of Toyota and shares engines and platform technology across the Toyota family, especially in the kei-car and small-displacement segments. This internal collaboration helps standardize parts, reduce costs, and accelerate product development across multiple brands.
- Shared small-displacement engines and related powertrain components within the Toyota Group (including Daihatsu kei cars)
Intra-group engine sharing illustrates how Toyota leverages its broader corporate structure to maximize efficiency and ensure commonality across its lineup.
Internal group engine sharing
Beyond external partnerships, Toyota also relies on shared engines and platforms across its own brands to streamline production and optimize engineering resources.
- Cross-brand engine sharing within Toyota, Lexus, and Daihatsu for small to mid-size powertrains and hybrids
Such internal cooperation helps Toyota deploy proven engine technology across a wide range of models, maintaining consistency and reducing development costs.
Summary
Toyota’s approach to engine sharing spans external partnerships and internal group collaboration. Notable external examples include the Subaru 86/BRZ partnership (FA20), BMW’s B48/B58 family used in the GR Supra, and joint efforts with Suzuki for small-car technology. Within the Toyota Group, Daihatsu and other brands share engines and powertrain components to maximize efficiency and scale. Taken together, these relationships illustrate Toyota’s strategy of pooling engineering resources to deliver performance, efficiency, and cost savings across a diverse lineup.
