Does Subaru use limited slip differential?

How Subaru’s AWD works

Subaru structures its drivetrain around Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive, designed to deliver steady power to all four wheels with an emphasis on stability and traction. The center differential is the core component that governs how much torque travels to the front versus the rear wheels. Over the years, Subaru has introduced electronic and controllable elements to adjust torque distribution in real time, particularly in adverse driving conditions such as snow, rain, or uneven terrain.

Core differential technologies you’ll encounter

Before diving into model details, here is a quick glossary of the differential technologies commonly associated with Subaru’s AWD systems.

• Viscous center differential (center VC-LSD): A center differential that uses a viscous coupling to provide limited-slip behavior between the front and rear axles, improving grip when one axle begins to slip.


• Variable Torque Distribution (VTD): An electronically controlled center differential that can adjust the front/rear torque split dynamically based on driving conditions.


• Driver-Controlled Center Differential (DCCD): A feature on some performance models (notably WRX STI) that lets the driver bias torque distribution between front and rear, offering greater control over handling and traction.


• Rear limited-slip differential (R-LSD): A mechanical or multi-plate LSD at the rear axle that may be offered on certain trims or models to further enhance rear traction, especially in performance variants.

These capabilities collectively explain Subaru’s reputation for traction and stability in varying conditions, though the exact configuration varies by model and generation.

Model-by-model variations

Here is a broad overview of how Subaru’s differential approach has appeared across its lineup, with the understanding that specifics shift by year and market.

• Most everyday AWD models (such as Impreza, Forester, Outback, Legacy, and Crosstrek) rely on a center viscous differential as the default mechanism to provide limited-slip action and balanced torque distribution within Subaru’s Symmetrical AWD framework.


• Performance-oriented variants such as the WRX family (and historically the WRX STI) employ more advanced torque-distribution systems, including driver-controlled center differentials and potential rear-LSD options on certain trims or generations to optimize handling and grip.


• In select high-performance or special-edition models, Subaru has offered rear-axle LSD or other torque-biasing features to further enhance traction when chasing grip on challenging surfaces.

In practice, Subaru’s AWD design centers on providing dependable traction through limited-slip behavior, with more advanced or configurable options appearing on sportier or newer models.

Why it matters to drivers

The presence of limited-slip or torque-biasing components affects how a car accelerates, steers, and maintains grip in adverse weather or on slippery surfaces. For daily driving, the viscous center diff provides reliable traction in rain or snow. For enthusiasts, driver-controlled or rear-LSD-equipped variants offer more tunable handling characteristics and traction in corners or on track days.

Summary

Subaru’s all-wheel-drive system centers on limited-slip behavior via its center differential, most commonly implemented as a viscous coupling in the mainstream lineup. Performance-focused models introduce more sophisticated torque-distribution controls, such as driver-controlled center diffs (DCCD) and, in some trims, rear limited-slip devices. Always verify the exact drivetrain configuration for a given model-year and trim, as specifications can vary by market.

Key terms to know

Quick definitions of the differential-related terms used in this article.

• Viscous center differential: A center differential that uses a viscous coupling to create limited-slip action between the front and rear axles.


• Variable Torque Distribution (VTD): An electronically controlled center diff that adjusts the front/rear torque split in real time.


• Driver-Controlled Center Differential (DCCD): A center diff with a selectable torque-bias setting for the driver, seen on some high-performance Subarus.


• Rear limited-slip differential (R-LSD): A rear axle LSD that can improve grip in certain conditions or trims.

Note: Model names and availability vary by year and market; consult Subaru’s official specifications for the exact drivetrain configuration of a given vehicle.

Bottom line

Yes—the essence of Subaru’s AWD system includes limited-slip behavior, primarily through its center differential. The exact technology ranges from a traditional viscous center differential in many models to more advanced, driver-adjustable systems in performance variants, with potential rear LSD options on select trims. For the most accurate, year-specific details, check the official Subaru specifications for the exact vehicle you’re considering.

Summary: Subaru’s AWD is built around traction-first design with limited-slip capabilities at the core. The level of sophistication varies by model and year, from reliable viscous center differentials to driver-controlled and rear-slip options in performance-focused trims.

How do I tell if my differential is limited slip?

You can tell if your differential is a limited slip by performing a simple test on a lifted vehicle or by checking for a specific tag on the differential housing. With the rear wheels off the ground and the vehicle in neutral, spin one wheel by hand; if the other wheel spins in the same direction, it's a limited slip. If the other wheel spins in the opposite direction, it's an open differential. 
Method 1: Test the wheels

1. Park and secure the vehicle. Park on a level surface, engage the parking brake, and block the front wheels to prevent rolling. 
2. Safely lift the rear. Use a jack to lift the rear of the vehicle and secure it with jack stands. 
3. Place the transmission in neutral. Make sure the transmission is in neutral. 
4. Spin one rear wheel. Rotate one of the rear wheels by hand. 
5. Observe the other wheel. 
   • Same direction: If the opposite rear wheel turns in the same direction as the one you're spinning, you have a limited slip differential. 
   • Opposite direction: If the opposite rear wheel turns in the opposite direction, you have an open differential. 

This video demonstrates how to test if your car has a limited slip differential: 45sERICSDIYGARAGEYouTube · Dec 8, 2018
Method 2: Check the tag

1. Locate the differential. Find the differential housing at the rear of the vehicle. 
2. Look for a tag. Check for a sticker or tag on the differential that says, "Use only limited slip differential fluid". 
3. Consider the tag's reliability. This tag can sometimes be missing, damaged, or removed, so the wheel test is a more definitive method. 

This video shows how to check the tag on the differential housing: 51sChrisFixYouTube · Nov 26, 2012

What differentials do subarus have?

Automatic we do have a center differential which has a planetary gear set as well as this all-wheel drive clutch will will allow you to lock up the rear.

Does Subaru have a limited-slip differential?

At the core of our legendary symmetrical-full-time AWD system is Subaru's centre limited-slip differential.

Do AWD cars have limited slip differentials?

Limited-slip differentials are optional for AWD systems, although they can greatly enhance your car's handling and security. It makes sense to choose an AWD car with an LSD if you frequently drive in difficult driving conditions or if you just want the best handling available.