What is the difference between AWD and FWD on a Toyota Highlander?

Power delivery differs between AWD and FWD in a Highlander: FWD sends torque to the front wheels only, while AWD distributes power to all wheels as conditions require. The Highlander typically offers FWD as standard with AWD as an option, and the AWD setup is designed to improve traction in rain, snow, and slick surfaces without sacrificing everyday comfort.

How the Highlander handles AWD and FWD

The Highlander uses a conventional front-wheel-drive baseline, with an available all-wheel-drive system that can automatically send torque to the rear wheels for better grip. In many trims, Toyota markets this as Dynamic Torque Vectoring AWD (or All-Wheel Drive with Dynamic Torque Vectoring), which uses sensors and electronic control to improve traction and stability. There is no manual low-range gear or locking differential in consumer Highlanders—its purpose is to enhance everyday driving and light off-road capability rather than serious off-roading.

Before we dive into the specifics, here is a quick look at the practical differences you’ll notice in day-to-day use.

• Traction: AWD helps when roads are wet, icy, or snowy; FWD relies on front tires for grip and can feel less confident in low-traction conditions.


• Handling on slick surfaces: AWD can improve stability in corners by managing power to the rear wheels, while FWD focuses on maintaining front-wheel grip.


• Fuel economy and cost: FWD generally delivers better fuel economy and lower upfront cost; AWD adds weight and drivetrain loss, which can reduce efficiency slightly.


• Maintenance considerations: AWD adds complexity and potential wear on rear drivetrain components; FWD is simpler and typically cheaper to service.


• Off-road and light rough-road ability: Highlander AWD offers better capability for light-duty weather and terrain, but it is not a rugged off-road system with low-range gearing or lockers.

In practical terms, most Highlander buyers who live in climates with regular snow, ice, or heavy rain will benefit from AWD, while those in dry climates or prioritizing maximum fuel efficiency may prefer FWD.

Practical considerations: fuel economy, maintenance, and ownership

Deciding between AWD and FWD in the Highlander comes down to how you drive and where you drive. The following points summarize the real-world implications of each drivetrain on this model.

• Climate and road conditions: If you regularly encounter wintry or wet conditions, AWD provides added confidence; in consistently dry weather, FWD tends to suffice.


• Fuel economy impact: Expect a modest efficiency difference, with AWD typically slightly behind FWD due to the extra drivetrain components and weight.


• Cost and value: AWD models cost more upfront and may have higher insurance and maintenance costs, but they hold appeal in regions where traction matters.


• Resale and market demand: In colder regions, AWD Highlanders often remain popular and may have stronger resale demand.


• Towing and payload: For most Highlander configurations, drivetrain choice does not dramatically change towing capacity; verify exact figures for the specific trim and engine you’re considering, since some engines and trims adjust specs.

Bottom line: If traction in adverse weather is a priority, AWD is the sensible choice. If you mostly drive on dry pavement and want the best possible efficiency and lower cost, FWD is the prudent option.

Choosing the right Highlander drivetrain for your needs

To decide which setup suits you, consider these guiding questions:

• Do you face snow, ice, or frequent heavy rain in your area?


• Is maximizing fuel economy more important than having all-wheel traction?


• Do you plan to tow or carry heavy loads where AWD might offer stability benefits?


• What is your budget for purchase price and potential maintenance?

Answering these questions will help you determine whether FWD or AWD best aligns with your driving environment and priorities on a Toyota Highlander.

Summary

In the Highlander lineup, FWD sends power to the front wheels by default, offering better efficiency and lower cost. AWD, available on most trims, activates additional traction by sending torque to the rear wheels when needed, improving grip in rain, snow, and slick conditions. The trade-off is a slight hit to fuel economy, higher upfront price, and increased maintenance complexity. For drivers in harsher climates or who value enhanced stability, AWD is a practical upgrade; for daily driving in mild conditions, FWD keeps things simpler and more economical.

Is the AWD in Highlander always on?

Dynamic Torque-Control AWD does not adjust the power to each wheel; rather, the driveshaft is always turning on this system even if the electromagnetic coupler is disengaged.

What are the disadvantages of front wheel drive?

The main disadvantages of front-wheel drive (FWD) are its tendency to understeer, where the car continues straight instead of turning, and torque steer, which is a pulling sensation under acceleration due to unequal axle lengths. Other drawbacks include less stability in slippery conditions, reduced handling precision because the front wheels must both steer and accelerate, increased front tire wear, and lower towing capacity.
 
This video explains the differences between FWD and other drivetrains: 1mThe Engineers PostYouTube · Jan 16, 2022
Handling and stability

• Understeer: Because the front wheels are responsible for both steering and propelling the car, they can lose traction when turning and accelerating, causing the car to slide wide. 
• Torque steer: Unequal drive axle lengths in FWD systems cause the car to pull to one side under hard acceleration, making it harder to control. 
• Reduced stability: The weight of the engine is concentrated at the front, which can lead to less stability, especially in slippery conditions like snow or ice. 
• Less responsive steering: The front wheels doing double duty can lead to a less direct and precise steering feel. 

Performance and durability

• Lower towing capacity: The front wheels have to propel the car while also managing the weight of a trailer, which limits a FWD vehicle's towing ability. 
• Increased tire wear: The front tires have to handle both acceleration and steering forces, leading to faster wear. 
• Maintenance issues: The constant movement of the front CV axles can lead to a shorter service life for their protective boots. 

You can watch this video to learn more about torque steer and understeer in FWD cars: 1mChris VS CarsYouTube · Feb 9, 2022

Which one is better, FWD or AWD?

Neither FWD nor AWD is definitively "better"; the best choice depends on your priorities and local conditions. FWD is generally more fuel-efficient, less expensive, and ideal for dry, everyday driving, while AWD provides superior traction and stability in poor weather (rain, snow) and on rough terrain. 
Choose FWD if:

• You prioritize fuel efficiency: FWD cars are lighter and require less power, leading to better gas mileage. 
• Your budget is a key concern: FWD vehicles typically have a lower purchase price and cheaper maintenance because they have fewer components. 
• You drive in dry conditions: FWD provides excellent performance for daily commuting on dry pavement. 
• You want a simple, reliable system: FWD is a practical and dependable choice for most everyday driving situations. 

Choose AWD if:

• You live in an area with snow or ice: AWD significantly improves traction in slippery conditions, helping you accelerate and maintain stability. 
• You frequently drive on unpaved or hilly roads: AWD provides better grip and control on unpredictable or challenging terrain. 
• You want better performance handling: AWD can offer enhanced stability and grip during high-speed cornering on dry roads, though it does add weight and can sometimes lead to understeer. 
• You need to navigate challenging weather: AWD gives you added confidence and peace of mind when driving through rain, snow, or fog. 

Which highlander to stay away from?

The Toyota Highlander has several troubled years to avoid: 2001–2003, 2005–2007, 2008–2010, 2014–2015, and 2017–2019. Common issues include transmission failures, brake defects, engine problems, electrical faults, and water leaks. Knowing these problem years helps buyers make smarter choices.