What is the Ford version of the Willys Jeep?
The Ford version is the GPW — Ford built the Jeep under license to Willys’ design during World War II for the U.S. Army and Allied forces. In common usage, people refer to it as the Ford GPW Jeep.
During the war, the Jeep program was a joint effort between Willys-Overland and Ford Motor Company, each producing nearly identical light 4x4 vehicles that became a symbol of mobility for Allied forces. The Ford GPW was essentially the Willys MB design adapted for Ford’s manufacturing lines, with most parts being interchangeable between the two models.
Origins and designation
What carried the Willys name into wartime production was the MB designation, while Ford’s parallel contract produced the GPW. Both vehicles shared the same core concept—a compact, rugged 4x4 utility vehicle designed for versatility in diverse theaters of operation. The GPW’s badge and serial records identified Ford’s production lineage, while Willys’ branding appeared on MB units.
Key context about the GPW
Ford’s GPW and Willys’ MB were produced to satisfy Army specifications for general purpose mobility. The collaboration yielded two closely related machines that could be maintained with largely interchangeable parts, which proved essential for maintenance in the field and for wartime logistics.
Design and production differences
Although mechanically very similar, the GPW and MB bore distinct markings, supplier tags, and small manufacturing differences that reflected each company's processes. The two models shared most major components, enabling a high degree of parts cross-compatibility. Ford and Willys also differed in data plates, stamping details, and minor chassis or body fabrication nuances.
- The GPW was produced by Ford under contract, using Willys’ proven 4x4 design for a government program dating to 1941–1945.
- Most major components—engine, transmission, axles, transfer case, and drivetrain—were shared with the Willys MB, allowing parts interchangeability in many cases.
- Distinctive identifiers included Ford-branded data plates and certain stamping differences that help historians and collectors tell GPWs from MBs.
- Production volumes for the GPW were substantial, contributing to the broader wartime Jeep supply that powered Allied operations across multiple theaters.
Before examining the practical implications, here are some essential points about the Ford GPW’s production and design:
These design and production details illustrate how Ford’s GPW functioned as the other half of the wartime Jeep program, delivering a vehicle that fulfilled the same missions with different factory footprints.
Legacy and modern relevance
Today, the Ford GPW is a prized classic for collectors and military-vehicle enthusiasts. Restored GPWs are showcased at car shows and in museums, often alongside Willys MB exemplars, highlighting the collaborative origin of the iconic Jeep. Enthusiast clubs and historical archives preserve records that help distinguish GPWs from MBs and track the nuances of Ford’s wartime manufacturing approach.
Summary: The Ford version of the Willys Jeep is the GPW, Ford-built under license to Willys’ design for the World War II U.S. Army. It was mechanically similar to the Willys MB, with branding and manufacturing differences that reflect Ford’s production role. Together, the GPW and MB defined the enduring Jeep legacy and demonstrated an extraordinary wartime collaboration that shaped modern off-road utility vehicles.
